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Register a new userThe Role of Illustration in Establishing the Grammatical Rule
دور الشاهد في بناء القاعدة النحوية
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القواعد قوانين مستنبطة من كلام العرب الذين لم تفسد سلائقهم، و الشاهد يمثل روح القاعدة، إذ يضفي عليها الحياة و المتعة و الأصالة، و الكلام العربي الذي يستشهد به هو القرآن الكريم و الحديث النبوي الشريف و ما أُثر من كلام العرب شعراً و نثراً منذ الجاهلية حتى نهاية عصر الاحتجاج. و مصطلح الشاهد مصطلح عربي أصيل ظهر نتيجة خوف العرب على لغتهم من اللحن، و يعد القرآن الكريم الأصل الأول للاستشهاد، فهو الدعامة التي ترتكز عليها مصادر الاستشهاد الأخرى. يحاول هذا البحث دراسة العلاقة بين القاعدة النحوية و الشواهد، و إظهار دوافع الاستشهاد و طرقه و أركانه و مصادره، و الوقوف عند بعض مرادفاته كالاحتجاج و الاستدلال و التمثيل.
Grammatical rules are deduced from Arabic spoken by ideally intuitive Arabic speakers, and illustration is the spirit of the rule, endowing it with life, pleasure, and originality. The Arabic used in illustration is that of the holy Quran, sayings of the Prophet as well as renowned poetic and prosaic statements by Arabs from the Jahileah period up to 150 Hizra,i.e, the end of the period of providing arguments. The term illustration is an original Arabic term that came out of Arab concern over mistakes in Arabic. The holy Quran is the source of illustrations, as it is the pillar upon which all other illustrations depend. This paper tries to study the relationship between the grammatical rule and illustrations as well as to demonstrate the motives for illustration, its mechanism, principles, and sources. It also tries to address some equivalents such as provision of argument and evidence as well as analogy.
References used
البحر المحيط، لأثير الدين أبي حيان محمد بن يوسف النحوي، تح: عادل أحمد عبد الموجود، علي محمد معوض، دار الكتب العلمية، بيروت، د.ت.
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This paper tries to examine the relationship between analogy and the grammatical
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rule formation and judging it. Linguists were divided in their attitude to ana
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some supporting it and others against it. Grammarians were more inclined toward analogy
than compilers, because grammarians’ research was based on the existing similarity
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by the Arabs. They based their rules and origins of analogy on that similarity. Analogists
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manner similar to that done with Arabic terms. However, some grammarians went very far
in their excessive use of analogy to the extent that it becomes far removed from linguistic
reality to be a form riddle and guessing, leading to reaction against analogy then against
grammar. Analogy became an end in itself; it overlooked its original purpose; was then
manifested in rule formation of words said spontaneously.
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