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The Relationship between Analogy and the Grammatical Rule

العلاقة بين القياس و القاعدة النحوية

1719   1   281   5.0 ( 1 )
 Publication date 2016
and research's language is العربية
 Created by Shamra Editor




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This paper tries to examine the relationship between analogy and the grammatical rule. Analogy is one of the basic principles and bases of Arabic grammar during times of rule formation and judging it. Linguists were divided in their attitude to analogy, with some supporting it and others against it. Grammarians were more inclined toward analogy than compilers, because grammarians’ research was based on the existing similarity between words, phrases, and style used in speech reported by tellers of what had been said by the Arabs. They based their rules and origins of analogy on that similarity. Analogists transliterated some foreign terms, Arabized, and derived new words out of them in a manner similar to that done with Arabic terms. However, some grammarians went very far in their excessive use of analogy to the extent that it becomes far removed from linguistic reality to be a form riddle and guessing, leading to reaction against analogy then against grammar. Analogy became an end in itself; it overlooked its original purpose; was then manifested in rule formation of words said spontaneously.


Artificial intelligence review:
Research summary
يتناول هذا البحث العلاقة بين القياس والقاعدة النحوية في اللغة العربية، حيث يعد القياس أحد الأصول الأساسية في النحو العربي وأحد أركانه في مرحلة التقعيد وبناء الأحكام. يوضح البحث أن العلماء انقسموا بين مؤيد ومعارض للقياس، وكان النحاة أكثر ميلاً لاستخدام القياس مقارنة بالرواة، لأنهم اعتمدوا في أبحاثهم على التشابه الموجود بين الألفاظ والعبارات والأساليب المستعملة في الكلام. كما يبين البحث أن أصحاب القياس أدخلوا العديد من الكلمات الأجنبية التي عربت خلال الفتوحات الإسلامية واشتقوا منها ألفاظاً جديدة وفقاً لقواعد القياس. ومع ذلك، يشير البحث إلى أن بعض النحاة بالغوا في استخدام القياس لدرجة أصبح بعيداً عن واقع اللغة، مما أدى إلى نفور الناس من القياس ومن النحو بشكل عام. يهدف البحث إلى إبراز دور القياس في بناء القاعدة النحوية، وبيان معناه، وكيفية نشأته، وعلاقته بالعلوم الأخرى، والمراحل التي مر بها، وأقسامه، وكشف العلاقة بين القياس والتحليل النحوي. يعتمد البحث على المنهج الوصفي التحليلي لدراسة الظاهرة كما هي في الواقع وتحليلها بدقة.
Critical review
دراسة نقدية: على الرغم من أن البحث يقدم نظرة شاملة ومفصلة حول موضوع القياس في النحو العربي، إلا أنه يمكن القول أن هناك بعض النقاط التي تحتاج إلى مزيد من التوضيح. على سبيل المثال، لم يتناول البحث بشكل كافٍ تأثير القياس على تطور اللغة العربية الحديثة وكيف يمكن استخدامه في تعليم اللغة العربية لغير الناطقين بها. كما أن البحث يركز بشكل كبير على الجوانب التاريخية والنظرية للقياس دون تقديم أمثلة عملية كافية توضح كيفية تطبيق القياس في السياقات اللغوية المختلفة. بالإضافة إلى ذلك، يمكن أن يكون هناك مزيد من التركيز على النقد البنّاء للقياس وتقديم بدائل أو تحسينات ممكنة. بشكل عام، البحث غني بالمعلومات ولكنه يحتاج إلى مزيد من العمق في بعض الجوانب التطبيقية والنقدية.
Questions related to the research
  1. ما هو الهدف الرئيسي من البحث؟

    الهدف الرئيسي من البحث هو إبراز دور القياس في بناء القاعدة النحوية، وبيان معناه، وكيفية نشأته، وعلاقته بالعلوم الأخرى، والمراحل التي مر بها، وأقسامه، وكشف العلاقة بين القياس والتحليل النحوي.

  2. ما هي المنهجية التي اعتمدها البحث؟

    اعتمد البحث على المنهج الوصفي التحليلي الذي يصف اللغة في نفسها ومن أجل نفسها، ويدرس الظاهرة كما هي في الواقع، ويعنى بتحليلها وتوضيحها وتصويرها بدقة.

  3. ما هي أقسام القياس التي تناولها البحث؟

    قسم البحث القياس إلى ثلاثة أقسام رئيسية: قياس علة، قياس الطرد، وقياس الشبه. كما أشار إلى تقسيمات أخرى لبعض الباحثين مثل حمل فرع على أصل، حمل أصل على فرع، حمل نظير على نظير، وحمل ضد على ضد.

  4. ما هي الأسباب التي أدت إلى نفور الناس من القياس ومن النحو بشكل عام؟

    أدى الإفراط في استخدام القياس بشكل بعيد عن واقع اللغة إلى نفور الناس من القياس ومن النحو بشكل عام، حيث أصبح القياس هدفاً بذاته وابتعد عن التقعيد الذي كان غايته الأساسية.


References used
الأصول دراسة أبستمولوجية للفكر اللغوي عند العرب، تمٌام حسان، دار الثقافة، الدار البيضاء 1991.
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Grammatical rules are deduced from Arabic spoken by ideally intuitive Arabic speakers, and illustration is the spirit of the rule, endowing it with life, pleasure, and originality. The Arabic used in illustration is that of the holy Quran, sayings of the Prophet as well as renowned poetic and prosaic statements by Arabs from the Jahileah period up to 150 Hizra,i.e, the end of the period of providing arguments. The term illustration is an original Arabic term that came out of Arab concern over mistakes in Arabic. The holy Quran is the source of illustrations, as it is the pillar upon which all other illustrations depend. This paper tries to study the relationship between the grammatical rule and illustrations as well as to demonstrate the motives for illustration, its mechanism, principles, and sources. It also tries to address some equivalents such as provision of argument and evidence as well as analogy.
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