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Register a new userAl Ketab in the light of modern language department 3 . morphological level
كتاب سيبويه في دائرة ضوء علم اللّغة الحديث 3- المستوى الصّرفي
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يونس يونس( باحث )
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يتناول البحث منهج سيبويه في دراسة المستوى الصّرفي مقارنة بالمناهج الحديثة الّتي تناولت هذا الجانب، إذ تبيّن لنا أنّ تعريف التّصريف عنده لم يتضح بشكله العلمي، و إن ذكر قواعده و مسائله في كتابه، لكنه وصف بنيّة اللّغة التي تتألف من كلمات، و بنية الكلمات التي تتألف من الأصوات. و توصل إلى أنّ بناء الكلمة في اللّغة العربيّة يقوم على أساس الأصوات الصامتة، أو الساكنة التي تؤلف جذر الكلمة، و اللّواصق التي تضاف للجذور، و يرى أنّ الجذر هو مركز الكلمة، و اللّواصق تكون على شكل سوابق، أو لواحق تضاف إلى الكلمة لتؤدي وظيفة نحوية أو دلاليّة. كما أنّه يرى اللّواصق وحدات صرفيّة مقيدة لا يمكن استخدامها منفردة، بل يجب اتصالها بوحدة صرفية حرة، و أنّ هذه اللواصق تؤدي عند إضافتها إلى الوحدات الصّرفيّة الحرة وظائف نحْويّة، و هذا يتوافق مع الدرس اللّغوي الحديث.
This paper deals with curriculum Sibawayh in the study of the morphological level compared to modern curriculum that dealt with this aspect, it shows us that the definition of discharge has not been clear scientific form, but said rules and accountability of the book, but the language that consists of words structure description, and the structure of words, which consists of votes . And found that the word building in the Arabic language is based on the votes silent, or consonants that make up the word Islands, and adhesives that are added to the roots, and finds that the islands is the word center, and adhesives in the form of precedents, or suffixes added to the floor to function as syntactic or semantic. It also sees adhesives units restricted banking can not be used individually, but must relate to free banking unit, and that these adhesives lead when added to the morphological units free to grammatical functions, and this corresponds with the modern language lesson.
References used
أسرار البلاغة في علم البيان، عبد القاهر الجرجاني، ط 1، تصحيح و تعليق محمد رشيد رضا، دار المعرفة، بيروت، د.ت.
أضواء على الدراسات اللّغوية المعاصرة، نيف خرما، المجلس الوطني للثقافة و الفنون و الآداب، الكويت، 1978 م.
الإيضاح في علل النحو، أبو القاسم الزّجاجي (ت 337 ه)، ط 4، تحقيق مازن مبارك، دار النقاش، بيروت, 1982 م.
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This comes Search integral part of the series of research thatinvolved under the title (Al Ketab in light of the Department of Modern Linguistics), where she studied in the first part, the curriculum at Sibawayh In the second part, the audio level, a
nd the third morphological level, and in this section I will present a study on the grammar level, which includes rules of grammatical relations in the book Sibawayh (moral clues: the presumption of attribution, customization and specialization, objectivity, question, verbal clues: connectivity, as convergence, toning).
Then substitution rules [Description structural rules in the book Sibawayh: replacement, career symmetry. Conversion rules: introduction delays, deletion.
And come to the conclusion: The concept of the deep structure of the curriculum Sibawayh than it is in the modern descriptive approach on the one hand that the manufacturing rules of submission and delay, delete and increase, is linking the deep structure and surface structure, highlights our scientific method right at all as laid down in the foundations, and the year of the principles reflect the fact that the descriptive approach, which has a close connection, but to draw attention to benefit from his approach breathes life in Arabic linguistic theory.
Highlights this search light on the study of sound in the book Sibawayh according curricula modern linguistics , turned out to us that Sibawayh realized the importance of the audio system , and was fully aware that the study sounds introduction is a
must to study the language , and also shows that he has dealt with the description ( sound operative ) , Between numbering , and select audio and accompanying movements of the members of the pronunciation.
The department Sibawayh Arab voices depending on the pronunciation control outside air from the mouth to the voices of ( silent ) and sounds ( tide and soft ) .
Then we studied the symmetry voice in the book Sibawayh ( symmetry between the consonants : symmetry next , and substitution ) , and ( symmetry full - slurring - diphthong doubled , diphthong Close together ) , and ( symmetry next , symmetry mastermind ) , and ( symmetry voice and tilt ) , and ( symmetry voice and followers).And studied voice offset in the book Sibawayh : ( offset voice and semantics ) , and ( offset voice and deletions ) , and ( offset voice and mitigation)
This research highlights the most recognizable basics of Sibaweih's methodology in his book. Altogether, they are not different from the modern descriptive approach. Sibaweih appears in the first Arabic Linguistics Encyclopaedia, in a way that presen
ts the righteousness of his pioneering methodology, as is apparent in the three linguistic levels of: Phonology, Morphology and Syntax.
We have traced the method he followed to treat the linguistic phenomena, which in all its forms constitute a constellation of semantic and intellectual operations based on all aspects of this phenomenon, next to the realistic principles that he relied on to achieve his goal. Themselves are the principles that gained circulation in the West later on; as follows: listening; language and speech; spoken and written language; unity of time and place; induction; and categorization.
The research aims to contribute to the knowledge of scholars of Palestine in the science of interpretation, particularly one of the fundamental reform of the science of interpretation of this flag is the author of Muhammad Izzat Darwaza modern interp
retation, The first topic devoted to the for definition Darwaza and of his time for the detection of the most prominent reasons that have contributed to the formation of ideas and opinions, and made the topic the second platform for the reform of the modern interpretation of interpretation for the detection of the position of the previous interpretations of Darwazeh and diagnosis of the gaps where there were repeated, and a plan for the best understanding and interpretation of the Koran in order to overcome these gaps, and then made the topic of the third The concept of destination as the basis for the reform of destination and the focus of reform of science in the interpretation of the modern interpretation.
The urinary bladder malignant neoplasms are the member of the most common malignancies through the world. The diagnosis of bladder carcinoma in its late advanced development evokes the surgeon to radical cystectomy. The studying points are the correc
t diagnosis, histological types, histological grade and pathological stage of the disease, in order to achieve the best treatment and prognosis. The morphological examination of bladder biopsies were done routinely, the total biopsies were 250, obtained from 194 patients (172 male, 22 female). The low grade tumor were 41, and high grade 149.although the early stage diagnosis were 138, and the late stage 66, always we must detect the lesion early for the best life after the treatment. may be useful in the future study and detect the reason of predominance the male gender in bladder tumor, also we hope, that we can discover the role of inflammation in arising the neoplasm of bladder.
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