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Positivism and its Critics in International Relations (A Critical Studies of Positivist Theories)

الوضعية و نقادها في العلاقات الدولية (دراسة نقدية للنظريات الوضعية)

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 Publication date 2014
and research's language is العربية
 Created by Shamra Editor




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The last few decades witnessed the rise of new approaches or frameworks in the study of International relations. These new approaches are called post positivism. Most of these approaches share a common view regarding the positivist theories which dominated international relations and political science for more than sixty years. The new directions criticize the methodology and the epistemological and ontological assumptions of positivism. In this paper we try to evaluate the contribution of the positivist theories in international relations and the arguments of the new approaches, mainly Critical theory, post-modernism and social constructivism.


Artificial intelligence review:
Research summary
تتناول هذه الدراسة النقدية التي كتبها الدكتور خالد موسى المصري من قسم العلاقات الدولية في كلية العلوم السياسية بجامعة دمشق، تطور النظريات الوضعية في العلاقات الدولية والانتقادات التي وُجهت إليها من قبل التيارات النقدية. يركز البحث على النظريات الوضعية مثل الواقعية والليبرالية، وكيفية تطبيقها في دراسة العلاقات الدولية، مع تسليط الضوء على الانتقادات التي قدمتها التيارات النقدية مثل مدرسة فرانكفورت وما بعد الحداثة. يهدف البحث إلى تقييم إسهامات النظريات الوضعية في دراسة العلاقات الدولية واستشراف مستقبل هذا العلم في العقود القادمة. يتناول البحث أيضاً الجدل الأكاديمي حول المنهجية والأسس الابستمولوجية في دراسة العلاقات الدولية، ويستعرض مراحل تطور هذا العلم منذ نشأته بعد الحرب العالمية الأولى وحتى الوقت الراهن. يعتمد البحث على المنهج الاستقرائي ومنهج تحليل المضمون لتقييم مدى إسهام النظريات الوضعية في الحصول على المعرفة العلمية في مجال العلاقات الدولية. يتضمن البحث عدة مطالب تتناول تطور علم العلاقات الدولية، الفلسفة الوضعية والانتقادات الموجهة إليها، ومستقبل الجدل الأكاديمي في هذا المجال.
Critical review
دراسة نقدية: يقدم البحث دراسة شاملة ومفصلة عن إسهامات النظريات الوضعية في العلاقات الدولية والانتقادات التي وُجهت إليها. ومع ذلك، يمكن القول إن البحث يفتقر إلى تقديم حلول عملية أو بدائل واضحة للنظريات الوضعية التي ينتقدها. كما أن التركيز الكبير على النقد قد يجعل القارئ يشعر بأن البحث يميل إلى الجانب النقدي بشكل مفرط دون تقديم رؤية متوازنة. بالإضافة إلى ذلك، يمكن أن يكون هناك مزيد من التركيز على التطبيقات العملية للنظريات النقدية وكيف يمكن أن تسهم في تحسين فهمنا للعلاقات الدولية. على الرغم من ذلك، يظل البحث قيمة علمية مهمة تسهم في إثراء النقاش الأكاديمي حول هذا الموضوع.
Questions related to the research
  1. ما هي الفرضية الأساسية التي ينطلق منها البحث؟

    ينطلق البحث من فرضية أن النظريات الوضعية، على الرغم من الانتقادات الموجهة إليها، ما زالت تشكل الأساس لدراسة العلاقات الدولية وقدمت تراكمًا معرفيًا كبيرًا في هذا العلم.

  2. ما هي المنهجية التي اعتمدها البحث في دراسة النظريات الوضعية؟

    اعتمد البحث على المنهج الاستقرائي ومنهج تحليل المضمون لتقييم مدى إسهام النظريات الوضعية في الحصول على المعرفة العلمية في مجال العلاقات الدولية.

  3. ما هي أهم الانتقادات التي وجهتها التيارات النقدية للنظريات الوضعية؟

    أهم الانتقادات تشمل رفض وجود قوانين ثابتة تحكم الظاهرة السياسية، صعوبة فصل الذات عن الموضوع، ورفض المنهجية التي تعتمد على الملاحظة والتجريب.

  4. كيف يصف روبرت كوكس النظريات التقليدية والنقدية؟

    روبرت كوكس يصف النظريات التقليدية بأنها نظريات شارحة وحل المشكلات والوضع الراهن، بينما يصف النظريات النقدية بأنها بَائِيةَ تسهم في بناء البحث وتمتلك القدرة على التغيير وتحرير الإنسان.


References used
عيسى عبدالله، في نظرية المعرفة، أكاديمية الفكر الجماهيري، بنغازي، 2011
Anthony Giddens, Politics, Sociology and social theory, London, Stanford,1995
Bruce Russett, Grasping the Democratic Peace, New York, Princeton, 1993
Daniel S. Geller, David Singer, Nations at War A Scientific Study of International Conflict, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1998
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