The last few decades witnessed the rise of new approaches or frameworks in the
study of International relations. These new approaches are called post positivism.
Most of these approaches share a common view regarding the positivist theories
which
dominated international relations and political science for more than sixty
years. The new directions criticize the methodology and the epistemological and
ontological assumptions of positivism. In this paper we try to evaluate the
contribution of the positivist theories in international relations and the arguments of
the new approaches, mainly Critical theory, post-modernism and social
constructivism.
The last few decades have witnessed a substantial development in the study of
International Relations. Many new theories and approaches have become part of the
current debate within international relations. One of these new approaches is
Construct
ivism which many scholars believe constitutes a bridge between the
positivist theories and the post-positivist theories. This study seeks to examine the
basic assumptions of Constructivism and its contribution to the study of
international relations
It noted a series of recent international events in the world that international relations
have witnessed considerable turbulence, and revealed these events and developments that
unilateral international system polar and who knew the world since th
e collapse of the
Soviet Union, entered a period of vague political changes, and showed these developments
and changes in the political, economic and military fields to the emergence of powers at
the global level, represented by the international economic blocs are trying to influence the
first circle of the international system and these conglomerates that have emerged on the
international scene is the BRICS bloc. The controversy in the literature of international
relations on the impact of the international system architecture in the behavior of actors in
which units both State systems subsidiary and now the forces of an effective non-state such
as international economic blocs, is a big part of theoretical studies it is known that all
theories of positivism realism, especially in its many forms, progress big scientific material
in this area, and we have many of the scientists and researchers of international relations
through various studies and multiple research attempted to determine the factors and the
pillars of the impact of these units in the behavior of the other, and to identify the reasons
behind it, and in this research is to determine the role of economic blocs international in
influencing the international system, specifically the bloc BRICS started at the beginning
of 2011, began to turn from the international economic community to influential political
group in the world politics, where political positions linked to fully link economic welfare,
represented by permanent members (Russia and China), in the Security Council.
يعد الميتانول و الإيتانول من أكثر المحلات شيوعاً، و بما أن درجة غليانها أقل من مئة
درجة مئوية فإنها تتطاير بشكل سريع. و على سبيل المثال، يستعمل الميتانول في تصنيع
الأصبغة و العقاقير و العطور.. و هو شديد السمية، لذلك من الضروري تطوير محسات لكشفه.
أ
ما غاز الأمونيا فهو من ملوثات الهواء و له مصادر كثيرة مثل صناعة الأسمدة و أنظمة
التبريد.. و من هنا أهمية كشفه.
