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Choose the optimum conditions for the simultaneous determination of Lead and Cadmium Using Graphite Mercury Film Electrode (GMFE) by voltammetry

اختيار الشروط المثلى للتحديد المتزامن لعنصري الرصاص والكادميوم باستخدام مسرى الغرافيت المغطى بفيلم من الزئبق (GMFE) بالطريقة الفولط أمبيرومترية

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 Publication date 2014
and research's language is العربية
 Created by Shamra Editor




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This research studying the effect of the most important analytical and technical conditions on the voltammetric curves of lead and cadmium in order to choose the optimal conditions for the simultaneous determination of these two elements by Differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry (DPASV) using Graphite mercury film electrode(GMFE) as a working electrode. The results showed that the optimum analytical conditions were when using Sodium acetate - acetic acid (0.05M) electrolyte, where pH= 4.6, and a concentration (25mg/l) of Hg2+, CCd:CPb ratio up to 1:10 and conversely, and the optimum technical conditions were when applying scanning field from -1200 to -100mV, accumulation potential Eacc= -1200mV, accumulation time tacc= 120sec, speed rate υ= 120mV/sec, and amplitude pulse ΔE= 50mV. The previous conditions gave ideal voltammetric curves, Ip(Cd)= 6.134µA, Ip(Pb)= 4.966µA, Ep(Cd) = -647 mV, Ep(Pb)= -473 mV. The previous conditions were applied on a standard sample and the limit of detection was (Cd) 0.100µg/l, (Pb) 1.000µg/l, retrieval coefficient R%(Cd)= 100.5%, R%(Pb)= 97.2%, standard deviation SD(Cd)= 0.020mg/l, SD(Pb)= 0.021mg/l; Therefore, that shows the accuracy and precision of the method. The validity of the method under its new conditions was examined on a number of environmental samples and showed success and high efficiency.


Artificial intelligence review:
Research summary
تتناول هذه الدراسة البحث في تحديد الشروط المثلى لتحديد عنصري الرصاص والكادميوم بشكل متزامن باستخدام مسرى الغرافيت المغطى بغيلم من الزئبق (GMFE) بالطريقة الفولط أمبيرومترية التراكمية الأنودية النبضية التفاضلية (DPASV). أظهرت النتائج أن الشروط التحليلية المثلى تشمل استخدام إلكتروليت خلات الصوديوم - حمض الخل بتركيز 0.05M ودرجة حموضة pH= 4.6، وتركيز 25mg/l من الزئبق. أما الشروط التقنية المثلى فتشمل مجال مسح كموني من -1200mV إلى -100mV، وكمون تراكم Eacc= -1200mV، وزمن تراكم 120 ثانية، وسرعة مسح 120mV/sec، وسعة نبضة 50mV. أظهرت هذه الشروط منحنيات فولط أمبيرومترية مثالية مع تيارات قمة للرصاص والكادميوم بلغت 4.966µA و6.134µA على التوالي. تم تطبيق هذه الشروط على عينات بيئية وأظهرت نجاحاً وكفاءة عالية في تحديد العنصرين بدقة وصحة عالية. تم التوصل إلى حد كشف قدره 0.100µg/l للكادميوم و1.000µg/l للرصاص، ومعامل استرجاع R% قدره 100.5% للكادميوم و97.2% للرصاص، مما يدل على دقة وصحة الطريقة. تم اختبار صلاحية الطريقة على عينات مياه صرف صحي معالجة وأظهرت نتائج إيجابية.
Critical review
دراسة نقدية: بالرغم من أن البحث يقدم مساهمة علمية هامة في مجال التحليل الكيميائي للملوثات المعدنية، إلا أنه يمكن تحسينه من خلال توسيع نطاق الدراسة لتشمل عناصر معدنية أخرى ذات أهمية بيئية وصحية. كما أن الدراسة تركز بشكل كبير على الشروط التقنية والتحليلية دون التطرق بشكل كافٍ إلى التطبيقات العملية والتحديات التي قد تواجه تطبيق هذه الطريقة في بيئات مختلفة. من المفيد أيضاً تضمين مقارنة مع طرق تحليلية أخرى لتحديد مدى تفوق هذه الطريقة من حيث الدقة والكفاءة والتكلفة.
Questions related to the research
  1. ما هي الشروط التحليلية المثلى لتحديد الرصاص والكادميوم باستخدام مسرى الغرافيت المغطى بغيلم من الزئبق؟

    الشروط التحليلية المثلى تشمل استخدام إلكتروليت خلات الصوديوم - حمض الخل بتركيز 0.05M ودرجة حموضة pH= 4.6، وتركيز 25mg/l من الزئبق.

  2. ما هي الشروط التقنية المثلى لتحديد الرصاص والكادميوم باستخدام مسرى الغرافيت المغطى بغيلم من الزئبق؟

    الشروط التقنية المثلى تشمل مجال مسح كموني من -1200mV إلى -100mV، وكمون تراكم Eacc= -1200mV، وزمن تراكم 120 ثانية، وسرعة مسح 120mV/sec، وسعة نبضة 50mV.

  3. ما هي النتائج التي تم الحصول عليها عند تطبيق الشروط المثلى على عينات بيئية؟

    أظهرت النتائج نجاحاً وكفاءة عالية في تحديد الرصاص والكادميوم بدقة وصحة عالية، وتم التوصل إلى حد كشف قدره 0.100µg/l للكادميوم و1.000µg/l للرصاص، ومعامل استرجاع R% قدره 100.5% للكادميوم و97.2% للرصاص.

  4. ما هي التوصيات التي قدمها الباحثون بناءً على نتائج الدراسة؟

    التوصيات تشمل الاستمرار في دراسة عناصر أخرى بشكل متزامن وبشروط جديدة، متابعة الدراسة للوصول لحد كشف أقل برفع الحساسية، وتطبيق الدراسة وتعميمها في مخابر التحليل في مؤسسات الدولة، وخاصة في مجال الصرف الصحي.


References used
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MAHMOOD, A.; MALIK, R.M., Human health risk assessment of heavy metals via consumption of contaminated vegetables collected from different irrigation sources in Lahore, Pakistan. Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 7, Pakistan, (2014), 91–99
KOJUNCU, Y.; BUNDALEVSKA, J.M.; AY, U.; CUNDEVA, K.; STAFILOV, T.; AKCIN, K., Atomic Absorption Spectrometry Determination of Cd, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb, Zn,and Tl Traces in Seawater Following Flotation Separation. Separation science and technology, Vol. 39, Turkey, (2004), 2751–2765
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