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Register a new userSummarization of German Court Rulings
تلخيص أحكام المحكمة الألمانية
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من الناحية التاريخية، يتم إهمال اللغة القانونية الألمانية على نطاق واسع في أبحاث NLP، خاصة في أنظمة التلخيص، لأن معظمها يعتمد على مقالات الصحف الإنجليزية. في هذه الورقة، نقترح مهمة تلخيص أحكام المحكمة الألمانية. نظرا لتعقيدها وطولها، فمن الأهمية بمكان أن يحدد الممارسون القانونيون بسرعة محتوى الحكم وبالتالي يتمكنوا من اتخاذ قرار بشأن أهمية قضية قانونية معينة. لمعالجة هذه المشكلة، نقدم مجموعة بيانات جديدة تتكون من الأحكام الألمانية 100K مع ملخصات قصيرة. تحتوي DataSet لدينا على أعلى نسبة ضغط من بين مجموعات بيانات التلخيص الأكثر شيوعا. تحتوي أحكام المحكمة الألمانية على الكثير من المعلومات الهيكلية، لذلك نقوم بإنشاء خط أنابيب مسبق المعالجة مصممة بشكل صريح إلى المجال القانوني الألماني. بالإضافة إلى ذلك، نقوم بتنفيذ أنظمة تلخيص متعددة وكذلك مبادرة وبناء مجموعة واسعة من النماذج الأساسية. أفضل نموذج لدينا يحقق درجة Rouge-1 من 30.50. لذلك مع هذا العمل، فإننا نضع الأساس الحاسم لمزيد من البحث في أنظمة التلخيص الألمانية.
Historically speaking, the German legal language is widely neglected in NLP research, especially in summarization systems, as most of them are based on English newspaper articles. In this paper, we propose the task of automatic summarization of German court rulings. Due to their complexity and length, it is of critical importance that legal practitioners can quickly identify the content of a verdict and thus be able to decide on the relevance for a given legal case. To tackle this problem, we introduce a new dataset consisting of 100k German judgments with short summaries. Our dataset has the highest compression ratio among the most common summarization datasets. German court rulings contain much structural information, so we create a pre-processing pipeline tailored explicitly to the German legal domain. Additionally, we implement multiple extractive as well as abstractive summarization systems and build a wide variety of baseline models. Our best model achieves a ROUGE-1 score of 30.50. Therefore with this work, we are laying the crucial groundwork for further research on German summarization systems.
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This paper seeks to compare how the administrative disputes are seen before the
Supreme Constitutional Court in relating to allegation of a Non-constitutional law or
regulation relates to adjudicate in the case seeing before the Administrative Cour
t or the
Supreme Administrative Court in Jordan and Egypt.
Therefore, this study aims to highlight how the administrative disputes are seen
before the Supreme Constitutional Court in relating to allegation of a Non-constitutional
law or regulation relates to adjudicate in the case seeing before the Administrative Court or
the Supreme Administrative Court.
It is true that prior to the enacting of the Administrative Justice Act No. 27 of 2014 ,
the Jordanian legislator used to deal with the High Court of Justice as one of the special
judicial authorities, which may raise the case of allegation of unconstitutionality directly,
similar to the Court of Cassation.
Unlike the substantive Court which sees the case, the Jordan legislator obliged it to
raise the allegation of unconstitutionality to the Court of Cassation. The Court of Cassation
will decide whether to raise the appeal of unconstitutionality or not.
As for the Egyptian context, Egypt depends on the law of the State Council No. 48 of
1979. This law 1979 entrusted to Court of Administrative Justice Administrative Court and
the Supreme Administrative Court to raise alleged unconstitutionality law directly to the
Supreme Constitutional Court.
This research mainly is based on one basic topic, namely, the
observation of German-Saudi relations in the period prior to the Second
World War. This study focuses on brief historical presentation of Arab-
European relation in the light of the imp
ortant historical events which
took place in the period between the world wars, it also observes the
foreign policy of Germany and its position in the stage of international
policy Furthermore, the research answers legitimate questions such as: To
what extent had Germany responded to the Saudi request for providing
the kingdom with advanced weapons ? What is the strategy of king Abdul
Aziz AL Saud in foreign policy? And What are the most important results
of the German- Saudi relations on the eve of the Second World War?
تسببت الزيادة الكبيرة في كمية المعلومات المتاحة في الانترنت من مختلف المصادر في السنوات الأخيرة إلى صعوبة الوصول والبحث في النصوص الكبيرة عن المعلومة المطلوبة بسرعة وكفاءة وكان من الصعب جداً استخراج تلاخيص النصوص بشكل يدوي وذلك بسبب النمو الهائل للمع
لومات بشكل يومي لذلك أصبح من الضروري استخراج التلاخيص تلقائياً من نص واحد أو عدة نصوص لذلك سنتطرق في بحثنا إلى أهم الأساليب والطرق في عمليات التلخيص في الأعوام السابق
The Statute of the International Criminal Court authorized the appeal of
its judgments in two ways: ordinary, an appeal, an extraordinary review
of judgments, and in the eyes of both appeals the Appeals Chamber of
the International Criminal Court. The international legislator organized
the grounds, procedures, provisions and effects of the appeal, Much
more than what was prescribed in national legislation.
The widespread use of the Internet and the rapid dissemination of information poses the challenge of identifying the veracity of its content. Stance detection, which is the task of predicting the position of a text in regard to a specific target (e.g
. claim or debate question), has been used to determine the veracity of information in tasks such as rumor classification and fake news detection. While most of the work and available datasets for stance detection address short texts snippets extracted from textual dialogues, social media platforms, or news headlines with a strong focus on the English language, there is a lack of resources targeting long texts in other languages. Our contribution in this paper is twofold. First, we present a German dataset of debate questions and news articles that is manually annotated for stance and emotion detection. Second, we leverage the dataset to tackle the supervised task of classifying the stance of a news article with regards to a debate question and provide baseline models as a reference for future work on stance detection in German news articles.
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