Repetition in natural language generation reduces the informativeness of text and makes it less appealing. Various techniques have been proposed to alleviate it. In this work, we explore and propose techniques to reduce repetition in abstractive summ
arization. First, we explore the application of unlikelihood training and embedding matrix regularizers from previous work on language modeling to abstractive summarization. Next, we extend the coverage and temporal attention mechanisms to the token level to reduce repetition. In our experiments on the CNN/Daily Mail dataset, we observe that these techniques reduce the amount of repetition and increase the informativeness of the summaries, which we confirm via human evaluation.
This study aims to study the phenomenon of repetition in the
commentator Zuhair ibn Abi Salma, a phenomenon that is clearly
manifested in his comment, which is related to some extent closely
to the structure of the poet psychological and existenti
al, as the
repetition of the poet chooses a combination of linguistic structures
and stylistic elements. A selective process of language-language
spirit, which reveals the secret of his tendency to this stylistic
style.
This research deals with the phenomenon of combining rhetoric and poetry at a number of the Gahleon, and the statement of the effect of this combining in their poetry, explaining through the issue of conflict of prestige betweenthe orator and the poe
t in pre-Islamic era, and how this conflict has been compromised between who combined the technocracy, as the research shows the reason oflack of those who gathered between technocracy. The effect of combining in poetry is dealt with research on two levels: the stylistic level, and shows all forms of repetition: repeating letters, words and methods. While appears in the substantive level (moral): the pursuit of incomprehensible, the concentration on thinking and subjects, and the large number of wisdom and wills.
This research is only a modern study reading the old with a new
mind ,and looks for creativity in Aloqaisher's poetry ,and re formulate
it in a new language moving from surface to depth.
The rnodern poem is characterized by breaking away from the old molds.
It also attempts to sreate models that seek to generate new poetic
sentiments. In order to reach that goal the poern follows several
techniques and rnechanisms" These technique
s attempt to establish a
rhythmical structure that rebels against the conventional musical
standards and their rigor of meter and rhyme. Moreover, they do not yield
to the power of the popular modetrs, and they move to a space where the
poet can make use of minute details so as to plan for an interior design
that is strongly associated with psychological motives and semantic
figures. Both of which will define the focal point of the rhyhmical tension
which is compatible with the development of the self and the textual
semantic. Therefore, they move towards the interior which develops due
to the interaction between the components of the text and its
interrelationships. Thus, this paper shall seek to trace the factors and
constituents that take part in the formation of the rhythmical structure
away from the external component represented by the meter and rhyme
scheme. The paper adopts literal repetition as a means to find out about
the aspects of the internal rhyhm and its contribution to the construction
of the general rhythmical structure of the text as well as its relation with
the semantic dimension in
order to focus on the relation between rhyhmic semantic and linguistic
semantic.
