Automated Generation of Accurate \& Fluent Medical X-ray Reports

Our paper aims to automate the generation of medical reports from chest X-ray image inputs, a critical yet time-consuming task for radiologists. Existing medical report generation efforts emphasize producing human-readable reports, yet the generated text may not be well aligned to the clinical facts. Our generated medical reports, on the other hand, are fluent and, more importantly, clinically accurate. This is achieved by our fully differentiable and end-to-end paradigm that contains three complementary modules: taking the chest X-ray images and clinical history document of patients as inputs, our classification module produces an internal checklist of disease-related topics, referred to as enriched disease embedding; the embedding representation is then passed to our transformer-based generator, to produce the medical report; meanwhile, our generator also creates a weighted embedding representation, which is fed to our interpreter to ensure consistency with respect to disease-related topics. Empirical evaluations demonstrate very promising results achieved by our approach on commonly-used metrics concerning language fluency and clinical accuracy. Moreover, noticeable performance gains are consistently observed when additional input information is available, such as the clinical document and extra scans from different views.

Weakly Supervised Contrastive Learning for Chest X-Ray Report Generation

Radiology report generation aims at generating descriptive text from radiology images automatically, which may present an opportunity to improve radiology reporting and interpretation. A typical setting consists of training encoder-decoder models on image-report pairs with a cross entropy loss, which struggles to generate informative sentences for clinical diagnoses since normal findings dominate the datasets. To tackle this challenge and encourage more clinically-accurate text outputs, we propose a novel weakly supervised contrastive loss for medical report generation. Experimental results demonstrate that our method benefits from contrasting target reports with incorrect but semantically-close ones. It outperforms previous work on both clinical correctness and text generation metrics for two public benchmarks.

A Theoretical Study of X-ray produced by the Plasma Focus device based on Sing Lee model

The Lee code is applied to characterize the plasma focus in two plasma focus devices UNU/ICTP PFF and Amirkabir plasma focus device (APF), and for optimizing the nitrogen soft x-ray yields based on bank, tubes and operating parameters. It is found that the soft x-ray yield increases with changing pressure until it reaches the maximum value for each plasma focus device, with keeping the bank parameters, operational voltage unchanged but systematically changing other parameters.

Study the optimal conditions for the preparation of hydroxyapatite in the three-component system: Ca (NO3)2- (NH4)2HPO4- NH3.H2O to be used medically

The aim of this research is to study the optimal conditions for the preparation of hydroxyapatite , Chemical formula: Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2 (HA). In the three-component system: Ca(NO3)2-(NH4)2HPO4-NH3.H2O , Calcium Nitrate was prepared based on the calcification of the white eggshell . to obtain calcium oxide (CaO), which is treated with nitrogen acid, while ammonium phosphate Mono hydrogen and ammonium solution was taken from its pure packaging. Hydroxyapatite (HA) Ca10 (PO4) 6 (OH)2was prepared under specific conditions, mainly: concentration of solutions used, speed of addition of reagents, reaction mix temperature, rotational speed, purity of materials used, and pH of the solution. The study showed that the solid compound recorded in the three-component system, which was separated from the liquid phase and dried and chemically analyzed, has the total chemical formula Ca10 (PO4) 6 (OH)2 and has a Molar ratio of Ca / P= 1.666 . and the preparation process was better in the model burned from the dried model and confirmed by the study of samples of the models dried and burned by IR infrared spectroscopy and XRD X ray diffraction spectroscopy, The burner model was a crystalline product, but in the dried model the output was mixed crystalline and not crystalline.

Numerical study of soft x-ray yield in two dense plasma focus devices based on Lee code, and comparing it with experimental results using neon filling gas

In this work we carried out some numerical experiments on NX2, UNU/ICTP PFF dense plasma focus device with neon filling gas using Lee code version (RADPFV5.15de.c1) and standard parameters of the devices to compare the value of the soft x-ray yield (Ysxr) emitting from each one. Also we studied the influence some factors on the value of (Ysxr).

Spectral Properties of Tinged Glasses with Silver Bromide by Porous Glasses Method

Porous glasses were produced using sheet glass cullet with added magnesium carbonate MgCO3 as foams agents .The structure of glasses tinged with silver bromide by porous glasses, was studied by UV–VIS spectroscopy,transmission of light and X-ray diffraction XRD techniques. glasses plates were obtained by impregnation of porous glasses at first with AgNO3 aqueous solution , next in the KBr aqueous solution. Then the samples was sintered at temperatures 950°C up to closing of the pores. The results of spectroscopy study have shown that the glasses tinged plates, according to XRD data, the glasses tinged contain the AgBr phase.

The chemical compound hydroxyapatite preparation depending on the peel chicken eggs as a natural resource to be used medically

In this research study of the conditions necessary for the preparation of a chemical compound hydroxyapatite HA [HA: Ca10 (PO4) 6 (OH) 2] Depending on normal vital source ( eggshell ) , which contains a large amount of calcium carbonate , which will be dealt with Acetic acid for acetate calcium Ca (CH3COO)2 , which in turn will be dealt with disodium hydrogen phosphate Na2HPO4, where and to prepare the treatment process depends on several factors , including: the concentration of the solutions , Solution temperature, stirring speed and addition , the degree of purity of the material used and its source, and the pH of the solution PH . The study showed that the chemical formula of the compound outlined in the bunting record is: Ca10 (PO4) 6 (OH) 2 and has a Molar ratio Ca / P stood at 1.65344 and preparation process was the best in the burned model of the form , dried and this was confirmed by sampling study of the two models , dried and burned in IR spectroscopy and spectroscopy x-ray diffraction XRD where the burned model output was crystalline either in the form of dried product was mixed crystalline and crystalline .

Synthesis of Strontium Titanate By Using Solid State Method

Due to the importance of Strontium Titanate in modern technological industries, optical devices, solar cells and other utilization; in this research we study the synthesis of ST from SrCO3:TiO2 (1:1).

Studying the luminescence of Praseodymium doped in Crystals Li2YB5O10, LaF3 under X-ray Excitation

This research could be considered as a continuous study of luminescence spectrum of praseodymium cascade photon emission Pr3+ of 1% ions effect on Li2YB5O10 and LaF3 crystals. The Li2YB5O10 crystal shows many spectrum peaks, mainly of 272nm and 300nm wavelengths of luminescence decay τ=10.6 ns. The other crystal LaF3 shows two sharp spectrums of 478.6nm and 485.5nm wavelengths, which are due to the energetic transitions of 3P0→3H4 of luminescence decay τ=1.8 ns. This study proves that these two crystals exhibit good luminescence properties as promising compounds for laser and medical equipments to be used in radiation detectors and other research domains. The measurements were done in Tech-governmental University of Petersburg, Russia, 2008.

The Effect of Annealing on the Crystalline Structure of TiO2 Thin Films

The thin films of TiO2 were prepared by the Sol-Gel, on glass subtracts by using the following initial solutions: trichlorethylene titanium, ethanol, sodium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid and distilled water. The films were annealed at temperatures(200- 300- 400-500)c° for 1 hour. The structure of the prepared and annealed films were studied by XRD. The XRD rusltes showed that the films prepared crystallize according to orthorhombic Structure.Lattice constants were calculated and it was found that it was consistent with the data JPCDS and with some scientific works.