Can pre-trained BERT for one language and GPT for another be glued together to translate texts? Self-supervised training using only monolingual data has led to the success of pre-trained (masked) language models in many NLP tasks. However, directly c
onnecting BERT as an encoder and GPT as a decoder can be challenging in machine translation, for GPT-like models lack a cross-attention component that is needed in seq2seq decoders. In this paper, we propose Graformer to graft separately pre-trained (masked) language models for machine translation. With monolingual data for pre-training and parallel data for grafting training, we maximally take advantage of the usage of both types of data. Experiments on 60 directions show that our method achieves average improvements of 5.8 BLEU in x2en and 2.9 BLEU in en2x directions comparing with the multilingual Transformer of the same size.
This research was carried out during 2014 - 2015 in Scientific Centre for Agricultural
Researches. This research aims to determine the effect of some biological and genetic
indicators on the success of Carob seedlings in nurseries by studying three
kinds of
grafting: Auto-grafting, Homo-grafting and Hetero-grafting. Rootstock aged one year and
resulted by two chosen genetic types, namely, SnobarJablah and Alhafa were used. Scions,
they were taken either from seedlings with age of one year resulted by these two types or
from branches aged one year from the selected two types as well. Grafting was conducted
by using Whip Graft way in spring.
Auto-grafting has indicated the importance and the role of biological and genetic
factors for grafts and their impact on rates of grafting success. Concerning rates of success,
the results have shown that Auto-grafting surpassed Hetero-grafting with a significant
reference for both of two genetic types, regardless if the used scion was young or old.
In addition, Auto-grafting has shown surpass on other kinds of grafting, in terms of
subsequent growth of scions. On the other hand, a variety in biological indicators values
has been noticed between the two genetic studied types. In favour of SnobarJablahtype
againstAlhafaʼs type. However, the differences of values were not significant for the most
of conducted measures.
As for the age of scions, the results have pointed out that values of Hetero-grafting
with young scions surpassed values of Hetero-grafting with old scions in terms of the rate
of grafting success and values of biological studied indicators.
The investigation was conducted during 2013-2014 in Al-Moroj - Baniyas - Tartous.
The effect of grafting cucumber (Hybrid Amir F1 and Potenza F1) on (TZ 148 F1)
rootstock on growth and production was studied. The experiment contained 4 treatments
(ungrafted Amir F1 and Potenza F1, and grafted ones on Cucurbita hybrid).
The results showed that grafted cucumber (Amir F1) on (TZ 148 F1) was significantly
superior to other treatments in leaf area (15368.79 cm2.plant-1) and total production (21.58
kg .m-2). Grafting cucumber (Potenza F1) on (TZ148 F1) leaded to a significant decrease in
each of plant height (113.25 cm), number of secondary branches (7.5 branch . plant-1),
number of female flowers (94.13 flower . plant-1), number of fruits (38.13 fruit . plant-1)
and total production (14.61 kg .m-2). The earliness in grafted cucumber (Amir F1 and
Potenza F1) on (TZ 148 F1) (0.19 and 0.28 kg .m-2 respectively) was significantly
decreased compared to ungrafted plants (0.43 and 0.54 kg .m-2 respectively). Grafting on
(TZ 148 F1) didn't affected the fruit qualitative characteristics.
This study was conducted for two successive seasons 2010 and 2011 in the
vine nursery in the governorate of Homs/Syria to evaluate the degree of
grafting success between the two partners to create graft combinations in early
stage of grafting and
to select the most compatible rootstock for our local
studied cultivars. Three grapevines of local cultivars (Halawani, Baladi and
Bayadi) were grafted on four different American rootstocks (Ru140, B41,
Fercal and SO4) using bench grafting by omega machine.
This study was carried out in AL Swaida nursery during 2009 and 2010
seasons to study effect of time and grafting high are on the growth strength of
apple cultivars: Golden delicious، Stark rimson, Starking delicious. Results
showed that Golden de
licious preponderated on the other cultivars in diameter
average (9.06 mm) at 3cm above the grafting area (5cm above soil level). The
study also confirmed that Starking delicious showed significant superiority(p
<0.05) in term of growth strength on the other two cultivars when grafting was
carried at 5cm and 20cm above soil level and the best of leaf area (2862،89cm2)
was observed at 20 cm above the soil level when grafting took place in 31 of
August.
This research was conducted in seedling area belonging to Tishreen University and
in the Coast seedling belonging to Agricultural Directorate in Lattakia. Results has shown
that, the pear variety Cocia grafted on pear Syrian rootstock was significa
ntly better than
pear variety Williams and Quince variety Saidawi grafted on the same rootstock, where
the percentage of grafting were 100%, 90% and 66.67% consequently, and in the next year
93.33%, 76.67% and 54.00% consequently. Results has shown a good agreement between
a variety Cocia and a used rootstock in comparison with the tow other varieties. The
results of analytical calculation has shown that, the variety Cocia was better than the tow
other varieties Williams and Saidawi in graft-height, also, Williams variety was better
than Saidawi variety, and this confirm that, the Cocia variety in medium growth when it
grafted on pear Syrian rootstock, whereas, Williams variety was in poor growth and
Saidawi variety was very poor in growth when they were grafted on the same rootstalk
especially in the first years of grafting.
Sinus augmentation is a common approach for patients with
severe alveolar ridge atrophy.
Purpose of study: The objective was to compare the hydroxyapatite + PRP
with hydroxyapatite + Blood Clot in maxillary sinus grafts.
This study was carried out on three rootstocks of Crataegus monogyna Jacq.
With one seed containing fruit C.oxycantha L. with three seeds as well as C.
azaraolus Borkh, to identify the best method of Crataegus propagation.
The hardwood cuttings of
C.azarolus Borkh rooted in a IBA solution (4ooo
ppm)showed the highest rooting percentage 20% when grown in sand as well as
peat moss containing fermented arganic manure media.
