Factual inconsistencies existed in the output of abstractive summarization models with original documents are frequently presented. Fact consistency assessment requires the reasoning capability to find subtle clues to identify whether a model-generat
ed summary is consistent with the original document. This paper proposes a fine-grained two-stage Fact Consistency assessment framework for Summarization models (SumFC). Given a document and a summary sentence, in the first stage, SumFC selects the top-K most relevant sentences with the summary sentence from the document. In the second stage, the model performs fine-grained consistency reasoning at the sentence level, and then aggregates all sentences' consistency scores to obtain the final assessment result. We get the training data pairs by data synthesis and adopt contrastive loss of data pairs to help the model identify subtle cues. Experiment results show that SumFC has made a significant improvement over the previous state-of-the-art methods. Our experiments also indicate that SumFC distinguishes detailed differences better.
Automatic abstractive summaries are found to often distort or fabricate facts in the article. This inconsistency between summary and original text has seriously impacted its applicability. We propose a fact-aware summarization model FASum to extract
and integrate factual relations into the summary generation process via graph attention. We then design a factual corrector model FC to automatically correct factual errors from summaries generated by existing systems. Empirical results show that the fact-aware summarization can produce abstractive summaries with higher factual consistency compared with existing systems, and the correction model improves the factual consistency of given summaries via modifying only a few keywords.
Story visualization is an underexplored task that falls at the intersection of many important research directions in both computer vision and natural language processing. In this task, given a series of natural language captions which compose a story
, an agent must generate a sequence of images that correspond to the captions. Prior work has introduced recurrent generative models which outperform text-to-image synthesis models on this task. However, there is room for improvement of generated images in terms of visual quality, coherence and relevance. We present a number of improvements to prior modeling approaches, including (1) the addition of a dual learning framework that utilizes video captioning to reinforce the semantic alignment between the story and generated images, (2) a copy-transform mechanism for sequentially-consistent story visualization, and (3) MART-based transformers to model complex interactions between frames. We present ablation studies to demonstrate the effect of each of these techniques on the generative power of the model for both individual images as well as the entire narrative. Furthermore, due to the complexity and generative nature of the task, standard evaluation metrics do not accurately reflect performance. Therefore, we also provide an exploration of evaluation metrics for the model, focused on aspects of the generated frames such as the presence/quality of generated characters, the relevance to captions, and the diversity of the generated images. We also present correlation experiments of our proposed automated metrics with human evaluations.
This paper tries to examine the relationship between analogy and the grammatical
rule. Analogy is one of the basic principles and bases of Arabic grammar during times of
rule formation and judging it. Linguists were divided in their attitude to ana
logy, with
some supporting it and others against it. Grammarians were more inclined toward analogy
than compilers, because grammarians’ research was based on the existing similarity
between words, phrases, and style used in speech reported by tellers of what had been said
by the Arabs. They based their rules and origins of analogy on that similarity. Analogists
transliterated some foreign terms, Arabized, and derived new words out of them in a
manner similar to that done with Arabic terms. However, some grammarians went very far
in their excessive use of analogy to the extent that it becomes far removed from linguistic
reality to be a form riddle and guessing, leading to reaction against analogy then against
grammar. Analogy became an end in itself; it overlooked its original purpose; was then
manifested in rule formation of words said spontaneously.
In this research the influence of the fineness of natural
pozzolana and lime on the properties of compaction ,
unconfined compressive strength and linear shrinkage of
clayey soil was experimented the finessess of natural pozzolana
used in this re
earch were 3500,4000,4500 cm²/g , finessess of
lime 4000 , 5000 , 6000 cm²/g.
The research aims to identify the role of organizational culture in reducing resistance to change of the employees through a study of the relationship between the dimensions of the organizational culture, and the reasons of resistance change by emplo
yees working in Lattakia City Council. To achieve the objectives of the research, a questionnaire was designed and distributed to (343) employees in Lattakia City Council, (315) questionnaire were complete and valid for statistical analysis, with a response rate of (91.84%). Relying on multiple regression, the following results were reached: 1. There is a strong inverse relationship which is statistically significant between the elements after the containment and interdependence of (empowerment, staff development, teamwork and participation), and a reeducation of the resistance of workers to change, wherever after containment and coherence elements are available, there is a decline in the causes resistance of workers to change.2. There is strong inverse relationship that is statistically significant between the elements after the consistency and uniformity of working (core values, agreement, coordination and integration), and a reduction of resistance workers to change, i.e. when elements after consistency and homogeneity are availed, they lead to a decline in the causes of workers resistance to change.3. There is strong inverse relationship which is statistically significant between the elements of the human aspects (respect and appreciation, justice, encouragement achievement, and social welfare), and the reeducation of workers resistance to change, i.e., whenever there are elements of the human aspects, there is a decline of the causes of workers resistance to change.4. There is strong inverse relationship which is statistically significant between the elements after the organizational climate of (administrative practices, rewards, communications, and surveillance system), and the reduction of workers resistance to change, i.e., wherever after the organizational climate elements are available, there is a decline in the causes of workers resistance to change.
The research aims to identify the role of organizational culture in reducing resistance to
change of the employees through a study of the relationship between the dimensions of the
organizational culture, and the reasons of resistance change by emp
loyees working in Lattakia City
Council. To achieve the objectives of the research, a questionnaire was designed and distributed to
(343) employees in Lattakia City Council, (315) questionnaire were complete and valid for
statistical analysis, with a response rate of (91.84%). Relying on multiple regression, the following
results were reached:
1. There is a strong inverse relationship which is statistically significant between the
elements after the containment and interdependence of (empowerment, staff development,
teamwork and participation), and a reeducation of the resistance of workers to change, wherever
after containment and coherence elements are available, there is a decline in the causes resistance
of workers to change.
2. There is strong inverse relationship that is statistically significant between the elements
after the consistency and uniformity of working (core values, agreement, coordination and
integration), and a reduction of resistance workers to change, i.e. when elements after consistency
and homogeneity are availed, they lead to a decline in the causes of workers resistance to change.
3. There is strong inverse relationship which is statistically significant between the elements
of the human aspects (respect and appreciation, justice, encouragement achievement, and social
welfare), and the reeducation of workers resistance to change, i.e., whenever there are elements of
the human aspects, there is a decline of the causes of workers resistance to change.
4. There is strong inverse relationship which is statistically significant between the elements
after the organizational climate of (administrative practices, rewards, communications, and
surveillance system), and the reduction of workers resistance to change, i.e., wherever after the
organizational climate elements are available, there is a decline in the causes of workers resistance
to change.
The scientific and practical value of this research appears in recognizing the characteristics of the clay soil, which is located in Alnabeck, and used in constructing ALwagar earth fill dam. We will study five samples chosen from the materials site
Hofar ALmlagea and which will be used in constructing ALwagar earth fill dam through which some Geo-geometrical characteristics like (Liquid Limit, Plasticity Limit, plasticity index, Consistency Index, Liquidity Index, Clay activity, collapse degree) will be determined.
Depending on the Results of this study, we used international classifications (Casagrande classification – Unified Soil Classification System) to study the soil of the studied area. We made use of the results of the experimental study to determine the position of soil according to the international classification, and we suggested some solutions to improve the characteristics of the soil which is used in constructing soil dams.
