Almond seed wasp Eurytoma amygdali . End is a serious pest on
almond orchards which causes an economic losses in production.
This study was carried out for the morphological description of the
male stages of this pest (larva, pupa and adult) using
stereomicroscope and Scanning Electron Microscope.
The study was conducted in order to know the ability of
Korschinskii Almonds and Orientalis Almonds to resistance of the
drought stress using several levels of water irrigation (100, 75, 50
and 25%) from the field capacity, with several indicators
(number
of leaves, the thickness of the leaves, root growth). The results
obtained showed not affected by the stock in the Korschinskii
Almonds drought stress (255, 242, 220, 198 leaves), while the
number of leaves that accompany the burning edges under the
influence of drought stress in Orientalis Almonds (250, 130, 60, 12 leaves) at levels of irrigation water (100, 75, 50, 25%) of field
capacity respectively.
The objective of this study was to characterize and determine the genetic
variation among twelve cultivars and four rootstocks, belonging to Amygdalus
genus in Syria using the simple sequence repeats (SSRs) marker. It was found
that 154 alleles we
re identified by using 26 primer pairs, and the proportion of
the specific ones was 30.52%. In addition, it was revealed that all the studied
SSR loci produced polymorphic alleles. The average of PIC, He and Ho were
0.58, 0.61, 0.31, respectively.
Five insecticides were evaluated for controlling of almond seed wasp,
Eurytoma amygdali, the study was carried out at Al Fhaila – Homs. The
insecticides were Concord super, Karate zeon, Zenith, Lentrek and Desis
50.The results indicated that insec
ticides affected significantly the infestation,
Concord super caused the lowest infestation (2.66%) compared with the control
(39%) in (2009). In 2010, Karate zeon caused the lowest infestation (2.66%)
where it was (40%) in the control. The economic analysis indicated that
Concord super was the best because of its lowest cost and highest saving money
in secticide (5832.2) Sp., but Karate zeon was the least money-saving insechcide
(5525.4) Sp.
The proteins of larvae, pupae and adults (females, males) of almond seed
wasp Eurytoma amygdali -Eurytomidae, were extracted and electro -
pHoresied on polyacrylamide gel.
Results showed clear differences in the quality of proteins between larvae,
pupae and adults. The accumulation of proteins started in the initial stage of
larva and increased clearly in the second stage with a continuation in the first
stage of pupa, but mostly absent with the progress of the pupa in a lifetime. It
was observed that there were differences between the proteins found in females
from those in males by showing the presence of a protein when the females
from the age of one day and continued its existence until the age of 7 days and
this protein was essential in the formation of the yolk of ovocytes.
In vitro rooting was significantly increased by adding indolebutyric
acid (IBA) to medium and rooting was improved by adding ١,٠ g/L activated
charcoal or ٠,١ g/L polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). Indoleacetic acid (IAA) (٠,٠ to
٤,٠ mg/L) was not effect
ive for rooting except when used with ٠,١ g/L PVP. A
٩٥٪ survival was achieved when plants were acclimatized ex vitro. Such
procedures could help significantly in clonally propagating bitter almond and
conserving its germplasm.
