Poetic Necessary of Qudamah Ben Jaafar

This paper deals with the poetic necessity of Qudamah Ben Jaafar, he begins by explaining the term necessary, and then he displays the emergence of Arabic grammar and its motives; he also refers to the Arabic criticism which was subjective without depending on standards, until the beginning of blogging era and development of science; it has being influenced by other cultures, particularly Greek philosophy. The most affected person, put foundations and controls for criticism he was Qudamah Ben Jaafar, who wrote a book called (criticism of poetry) which pointed to the failure of his predecessors who launched judgments on the poetry and limited their attention to the rhyme, strange and meanings, and neglected the difference between good and bad poetry, he put limits to the poetry, and clarified its pillars, and explained the reasons of the good and bad quality of poetry, and judged defects on the poems in which their content are disturbed (pronunciation, weight, rhyme, meaning), and these defects included damages and so on.

The Oldest Grammarians Efforts for Constructing Grammatical Limits

Each branch of humanity sciences must have its own terminology، which differ from others according to plain method in which its vocabulary must be interpreted and explained ، eventually this vocabulary must form specific comprehensive definitions ، which has its rules and codes as we defined "limits" . The following research aspire to define the readers with the critical awareness features of grammatical limits ، where handles through two levels: The first level ،through its studies، covers the authority of the idiom and the bases of the human studies ، then turns to prescribe the grammatical limits ، then he looks for the elements of its growing up، and throws light on the aspects of its development by our important ancient grammatists . Whereas the second level completes and promotes the first with practical examples in which it evaluates the efforts the Arab grammarians exert in building limits in their grammatical terminology .it shows the aspects of the renewal in its industry according to the objective rules and scientific condition limit building depends on . Thereby to seal the most important research results .

The poetic Necessity According to the critics until the fourth century and designs of new studies of it

This research studies the poetic necessity according to the critics who were interested in poetry, and wrote criticized books chose between poetry and poets , and classified poetry into section , depending on meaning and pronunciation . Critics emphasized the unique nature of poetry ,this uniqueness made the poets question what was against then rules making apologies for it to keep it accepted . Critics looked at poetry as another level of expression and approved it with terms and conditions , such as / shame / judgement and poetry phenomena , such of it according to necesseties , critics had different views about necessities , some refused it , and described as ugliness that fades away by words water , while others approved it . Whatever opinion have the critics about necessities , it is aphenomenon that took their attention , some wrote whole books , and others chapters . In most cases , no one called it as mistake , and the lasting effect of poetry that has necessities keep it approved .

Side Effect Loads on Shear Diaphragm in Stone Buildings

The behavior of the basaltic shear diaphragms of the remaining buildings of ancient times was investigated as experimental research,and its resistance to natural factors and horizontal loads resulting from wind and earthquakes,to take advantage of them in the maintenance of modern buildings,which are associated with floors and beams as horizontal shear diaphragmsIn the hot and cold areas of the African continent, Asia and other similar areas,to replace the reinforced concrete shear diaphragms,and metal shear diaphragms that lose their resistance to the above factors. When the buildings are inspected, the vertical and slanted slits resulting from the side loads are placed,it was found that the appearance of the cracks related to the hardness of the shear diaphragm section, the basalt stone specifications and the design of the shear diaphragm base.The research was conducted to determine the durability, water permeability and resistance to pressure and tensile strength of basalt stone samples used in historic stone buildings and their location in laboratory methods.Horizontal loads resulting from seismic intensity were determined on the front of the building at the tile level according to international requirements and specifications.The method of calculating the basaltic shear diaphragms was applied by applying arithmetic to build a basalt stone from several floors and a basement, taking into account the characteristic resistance of basalt, depending on its density from pressure and stretching and basalt stone in calculating.