يتناول البحث الضرورة الشعرية عند قدامة بف جعفر 327ه، فيبدأ بإيضاح مصطلح الضرورة، ثم يعرض لنشأة النحو العربي و دوافعه، و يشير إلى النقد العربي الذي كان ذاتياً لا يعتمد معايير إلا الذوق، حتى بدأ عصر التدوين، و تطورت العلوم و بدأ التأثر بالثقافات المجاورة ، لا سيما الفلسفة اليونانية؛ و من أشهر من تأثر بها و وضع للنقد أسساً و ضوابط قدامة بن جعفر، الذي ألف كتاباً سماه / نقد الشعر / أشار فيه إلى تقصير سابقيه ممن أطلقوا أحكاماً على الشعر و اقتصار جهودهم النقدية على الاهتمام بالعروض، و القافية، و الغريب، و المعاني ، و اهمالهم لعلم جيد الشعر و رديئه، فوضع حداً للشعر ، و بين أركانه، و شرح أسباب الجودة و الرداءة في الشعر ، و أطلق حكم العيب على الأشعار التي يضطرب فيها الائتلاف بين مكونات الشعر (اللفظ، الوزن، القافية، المعنى) و هذه العيوب شملت ضرائر و غير ذلك.
This paper deals with the poetic necessity of Qudamah Ben
Jaafar, he begins by explaining the term necessary, and then he displays the emergence of Arabic grammar and its motives; he also refers to the Arabic criticism which was subjective without
depending on standards, until the beginning of blogging era and
development of science; it has being influenced by other cultures,
particularly Greek philosophy. The most affected person, put
foundations and controls for criticism he was Qudamah Ben Jaafar, who wrote a book called (criticism of poetry) which pointed to the failure of his predecessors who launched judgments on the poetry and limited their attention to the rhyme, strange and meanings, and neglected the difference between good and bad poetry, he put limits to the poetry, and clarified its pillars, and explained the reasons of the good and bad quality of poetry, and judged defects on the poems in which their content are disturbed (pronunciation, weight, rhyme, meaning), and these defects included damages and so on.
References used
ثعلب، أبو العباس أحمد بن يحيى، مجالس ثعلب شرح و تحقيق عبد السلام محمد هارون، ط5، دار المعارف، القاهرة.
الجرجاني، علي بن محمد . كتاب التعريفات حققه و قدم له و وضع فهارسه إبراهيم الأبياري ، دار الريان للتراث.
الذبياني، النابغة، 1968 ديوان شعر صنعة ابن السكيت
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