The study was conducted during the period 2010-2012 in the Faculty of agriculture at the University of Tishreen, with a view to obtain organic fertilizer (sludge with plant waste), through
compost it in the form of a pile within an isolated device.
The changes have been monitoring with some physical and chemical properties of the fermented substance for the duration of fermentation, by taking samples each month and analyzed them in the laboratory.
The study has included change physical and chemical residue during the fermentation process, where the temperature has reached in the center of pile to 70 degrees Celsius and the device temperature exceeded 70 degrees Celsius to 72 degrees Celsius, and either of the pH in the fermented substance had arrived to the 7.4in the pile and 7.45 in the device, the percentage had
dropped C/N from 30/1 to 18/1 of the pile and 17/1 of the device, showing the death of 99% of the huminth eggs of the intestinal worms after 26 days from the beginning of the composting process by crumpling and 97% of the huminth eggs intestinal worms had died after 10 days from the beginning of the composting process in the device.
This study was performed at three plants for sewage treatment in Syrian coastal
villages: al-Hara, Murj-Muairban, and Hibbeat. Dry sludge samples were collected from
drying sludge basins monthly, during the period October 2011-September 2012. We
d
epended on different global ways to isolate the eggs from the sludge (flotation,
sedimentation, filtration through special sieves).
The microscopic study results of the sediment showed the presence of 5 different
species of the parasitic worm-eggs, belonged taxonomically to five different species of
parasitic worms, two species belonged to Nematoda: Ascaris lumbricoides and Trichuris
trichura, and three species belonged to Platyhelminthes: one species of them belonged to
Trematoda: Schistosoma mansoni, and the other two species belonged to cestodes: Taenia
saginata, and Diphyllobothrium latum.
The average number of worms eggs isolated from the dry sludge resulting from the
three studied sewage treatment plants (al-Hara, Murj-Muairban, and Hibbeat) recorded
relatively close values, the most number in the dry sludge resulting from the treatment
plant in Hibbeat with an average 97.16% eggs/50g, then al-Hara with an average
75.08egg/50g dry sludge. Also the results showed that the isolated eggs were more
diversed in Hibbeat treatment plant, this an indicator of the health status of the population
in the studied sites.
Study showed that the number and diversity of parasitic worm – eggs use more
observed in Summer and Autumn than in Winter and Spring.
The aim behind this study was to isolate and characterize fungi from fermented olive
mill wastewater to determine the superior one that can resist high organic load and total
phenol of fresh Olive Mill Wastewater (OMW).
Two different media Czapak
Dox Agar (CzA) and Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) were
used for identification of fungi by studying macroscopic and microscopic characteristics.
However, Aspergilluss sclerotiorum, Paecilomyces sniveus and Mucor nircinelloides had
had been identified .
After testing the isolates on fresh olive mill wastewater solid mediums OMWA1
(50%OMW), OMWA2 (75%OMW) and OMWA3 (100%OMW).
Whereas P. niveus proves that was the superior one, which can resist high
concentration of fresh olive mill wastewater.
The study was conducted in 2011 on 6-years-old citrus trees "Washington navel
141". It contained four treatments with three replicates for each treatment. The results
showed that:
The wastewater treatments showed superiority on the control in the
number of
vegetative growth and its length.
The number of inflorescence buds, was increased in the second treatment (irrigation
with 50% treated wastewater +50% normal water) (5. 37) which dominated the other
treatments.
The weight of fruit was affected by treated wastewater irrigation. Second treatment
(irrigation with 50%treated wastewater+50 % normal water) was better than the control
treatment. It was increased by (308. 3 g) compared to (259. 5 g) for the control treatment.
Fruit yield production per tree, was increased by second treatment (irrigation with
50% treated wastewater+50 % normal water) (28. 9kg) compared to (15. 3kg) for the
control.
Treated wastewater irrigation had positive effects in the quality of fruit
(Total sugar %), (T. S. S %) and the coefficient of maturity were increased in second and
third treatment compared to other treatments, while (T. A %) was decreased in all
wastewater treatments.
A pilot unit was constructed and operated to study the ability of treating polluted water
using biological treatment. The experimental unit consists of water sprayer unit that ensure
wetting of the filtered media and distributing water in a homogen
ous manner as well as
increasing the dissolved oxygen concentration in water. The sprayer unit is followed by a
biological filter; the area of the filtered media was (13) m2. The developed biological film
placed on the filtered media will dismantle the organic matter, which reduce nitrates to
nitrite then to a nitrogen gas. The filter was connected to an aeration basin where the
suspended growth was archived. The pilot unit was operated depending on the water was
taking from a manhole nearby the residential unit number 18. The average efficiency of
BOD5 removing was 69.4% and of nitrate, removing was 34%. The results showed that
this system can improve water's characteristics.
The Sediment microbial Fuel Cell (SMFC) has been studied in terms of electrical power generation, and water treatment. With the aim to design the Sediment Microbial Fuel Cell (SMFC), the sediment was brought from the Al-sonobar River bed, where it wa
s described to indicate the organic content and nutrients in it. The cell was equipped with a surface aeration system and started working in it. Where it monitored the electrical current and water pollution indicators over time. Later the aeration mode was changed and previous measurements of electricity generation, water pollution indicators were carried out, and compared with the previous stage. Results of the first mode of aeration have shown that the greatest value for Short Circuit Current (ISC) was (0.905) mA while the greatest value for Open Circuit Voltage (VOC) was (0.390) V. While a rise in current and voltage values was observed in the second mode of aeration, in which the greatest value of Short Circuit Current was (1.240) mA, and the greatest value of open circuit voltage (0.430) V. When the circuit has been connected to an external resistance R=100 Ω, the values for current, voltage, current density and power density were (0.805) mA, (0.084) V, (3.18) mA/m2, and (0.269) mW/m2, respectively. For water analysis, an increase in pH values of 8.90 was observed. The efficiency of removing of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), phosphates, nitrates and Total Dissolved Salts (TDS) has also increased, reaching: 72.11%, 62.70%, 35.60%, and 30.61%, respectively.
