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The Legal System of Free Zone Companies in Syria

النظام القانوني لشركات المناطق الحرة في سورية

2021   1   110   0 ( 0 )
 Publication date 2017
and research's language is العربية
 Created by Shamra Editor




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In this research we addressed the legal system of free zones in Syria, where we showed the identity of these companies, their advantages, and their work field. Then, we clarified the legal provisions which govern the work of these companies in terms of their legal form, their nationalities, their qualities, their establishment, and their end. Among the most important results of the research was that the nature of companies of free zones was different from the nature of national companies, where this requires formulating special legal rules that organize the work of these companies. In fact, the Syrian legislator was not successful in this regard in the light of the lack of legal provisions which regulate the work of such companies, where this may raise confusion between the provisions of these companies and the other provisions related to the work of companies in general outside the scope of free zones. The research concluded with many recommendations, the most important of which was formulating special legal regulation for the companies of free zones in terms of their establishment, nationalities, work, and distinction from other companies in terms of legal regulation.


Artificial intelligence review:
Research summary
يتناول البحث النظام القانوني لشركات المناطق الحرة في سوريا، حيث يوضح ماهية هذه الشركات، مزاياها، ومجالات عملها. كما يبين الأحكام القانونية التي تحكم عمل هذه الشركات من حيث الشكل القانوني، الجنسية، والتسجيل. يخلص البحث إلى أن الطبيعة الخاصة لشركات المناطق الحرة تتطلب وضع قواعد قانونية خاصة تنظم عملها، ويشير إلى أن المشرع السوري لم يكن ناجحاً في هذا المجال نظراً لعدم وجود نصوص قانونية كافية تنظم عمل هذه الشركات، مما قد يسبب خلطاً بين أحكامها وأحكام الشركات الأخرى. يختتم البحث بتوصيات بضرورة وضع تنظيم قانوني خاص لشركات المناطق الحرة لتوضيح حقوقها وواجباتها بشكل أفضل.
Critical review
دراسة نقدية: على الرغم من أن البحث يقدم تحليلاً شاملاً للنظام القانوني لشركات المناطق الحرة في سوريا، إلا أنه يعاني من بعض النواقص. أولاً، يفتقر البحث إلى تحليل مقارن مع تجارب دول أخرى في تنظيم المناطق الحرة، مما كان يمكن أن يضيف قيمة كبيرة ويقدم دروساً مستفادة. ثانياً، لم يتناول البحث بالتفصيل التحديات العملية التي تواجه هذه الشركات في الواقع، مثل البيروقراطية أو الفساد. ثالثاً، كان من الممكن أن يقدم البحث اقتراحات أكثر تفصيلاً حول كيفية تحسين الإطار القانوني الحالي بدلاً من الاكتفاء بتوصيات عامة.
Questions related to the research
  1. ما هي المزايا التي تتمتع بها شركات المناطق الحرة في سوريا؟

    تتمتع شركات المناطق الحرة في سوريا بمزايا عديدة مثل حرية تحويل رأس المال والأرباح، حرية استخدام العمالة السورية أو الأجنبية، حرية تأمين مواد البناء والآلات، والسماح بعمليات التنازل عن حق الاستثمار. كما تُمنح هذه الشركات إعفاءات ضريبية وجمركية.

  2. ما هي الأشكال القانونية المسموح بها لشركات المناطق الحرة في سوريا؟

    الأشكال القانونية المسموح بها لشركات المناطق الحرة في سوريا تشمل شركة التضامن، شركة التوصية، الشركة المحدودة المسؤولية، والشركة المساهمة المغفلة الخاصة.

  3. ما هي المشكلة الرئيسية التي تواجه تنظيم شركات المناطق الحرة في سوريا؟

    المشكلة الرئيسية هي قلة النصوص التشريعية المنظمة لعمل هذه الشركات، مما يسبب خلطاً بين أحكامها وأحكام الشركات الأخرى خارج نطاق المناطق الحرة.

  4. ما هي التوصيات التي قدمها البحث لتحسين النظام القانوني لشركات المناطق الحرة؟

    أوصى البحث بضرورة وضع تنظيم قانوني خاص لشركات المناطق الحرة، يتضمن تحديد جنسيتها وما يترتب عليها من حقوق وواجبات، وفصل الأحكام القانونية المنظمة لعمل هذه الشركات عن الأحكام العامة التي تحكم عمل الشركات بشكل عام.


References used
Cathy Mullan. Global free zones of the year 2014-wenners, www.fdilntelligence.com
Raul A. Torres. Free zones and the world trade organization agreement on subsidies and countervailing measures, Global trade and customs journal, Vol. 2, Issue 5, 2007, pp. 82-106
Nermine El shimy. From free zones to special Econonic zones - The UAE case study, www.oecd.org
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