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The link between the principle of inclusiveness and the principle of unity in the general budget

الصلة بين مبدأ الشمول و مبدأ الوحدة في الموازنــــة العامـــــة

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 Publication date 2016
  fields Law
and research's language is العربية
 Created by Shamra Editor




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Several principles are taken into account in the preparation of the general budget, some of them is to respect the organization of the general budget so as to ensure the right of the people and their representatives to be aware of it and monitor its implementation in an easy way, and also to respect the time duration, the general budget needs to be prepared. The respect for these principles allow giving the legislative authority a greater control of the executive authority activity in the finance field. It also reflects the desire to give the resolution and the clarity to the document of general budget in order to reflect clearly the financial situation of the state. With the development of the concept of the state, its role, and the general budget, many countries have begun to abandon the commitment to these principles. Actually, this was not to give up entirely but it was limited in most cases to adopt a more flexible application of the principles referred to. Thus, the implementation of these principles and the adherence to them has become the subject of a significant difference between the public finance scholars. Therefore , some bodies criticize it, and others defend it, and present their arguments. The most important principles are: the principle of inclusiveness and unity. The principle of unity aims at preparing one document for the state budget, and represent its external frame. The principle of inclusiveness aims at filling this frame through a detailed registry of each estimation of the expenses and revenues without the offset between them, and therefore, it represents the internal content of the principle of unity. We chose this topic because of the close link between them and the importance of observance, as well as most countries commit to them. The study aimed at defining these principles, their justifications, and discussing the link between them, criticism, the exceptions, as well as the fundamental differences between them, and the research results.


Artificial intelligence review:
Research summary
تتناول هذه الورقة البحثية العلاقة بين مبدأي الشمول والوحدة في إعداد الموازنة العامة للدولة. يهدف مبدأ الوحدة إلى إعداد وثيقة واحدة تشمل جميع نفقات وإيرادات الدولة، بينما يهدف مبدأ الشمول إلى تسجيل كل تقدير للنفقات والإيرادات بشكل مفصل دون إجراء مقاصة بينهما. الدراسة تركز على أهمية هذين المبدأين في تحقيق الشفافية والمراقبة الفعالة على النشاط المالي للدولة، وتستعرض تطور هذه المبادئ تاريخياً، وتناقش الانتقادات الموجهة لهما والاستثناءات التي قد تطرأ في تطبيقهما. كما تقدم الدراسة مقارنة بين المبدأين وتوضح الفروق الأساسية بينهما والنتائج المترتبة على ذلك، مع استعراض أمثلة من دول مختلفة لتطبيق هذه المبادئ.
Critical review
دراسة نقدية: تقدم الورقة تحليلاً شاملاً لمبدأي الشمول والوحدة في الموازنة العامة، ولكنها قد تكون استفاضت في الجانب التاريخي على حساب التحليل العملي لتطبيق هذه المبادئ في الوقت الحالي. كما أن الورقة تفتقر إلى تقديم أمثلة حديثة من دول عربية أخرى غير سوريا، مما قد يحد من شمولية الدراسة. بالإضافة إلى ذلك، كان من الممكن تعزيز الدراسة بمزيد من البيانات الإحصائية والأمثلة العملية لتوضيح الفروق والنتائج بشكل أكثر دقة.
Questions related to the research
  1. ما هو الهدف من مبدأ الشمول في الموازنة العامة؟

    يهدف مبدأ الشمول إلى تسجيل كل تقدير للنفقات والإيرادات بشكل مفصل دون إجراء مقاصة بينهما، مما يضمن الشفافية والدقة في عرض الوضع المالي للدولة.

  2. كيف يساهم مبدأ الوحدة في تحقيق الرقابة المالية؟

    يساهم مبدأ الوحدة في تحقيق الرقابة المالية من خلال إعداد وثيقة واحدة تشمل جميع نفقات وإيرادات الدولة، مما يسهل على السلطة التشريعية مراقبة وتقييم النشاط المالي بشكل شامل.

  3. ما هي الانتقادات الموجهة لمبدأ الشمول؟

    من الانتقادات الموجهة لمبدأ الشمول أنه قد يضعف الحافز لدى القائمين على إدارة المرافق العامة على الاقتصاد في الإنفاق أو زيادة الإيرادات، كما قد يؤثر على مرونة الأداء الحكومي.

  4. ما هي الاستثناءات التي قد تطرأ على مبدأ الوحدة في الموازنة العامة؟

    من الاستثناءات التي قد تطرأ على مبدأ الوحدة هي الموازنات الملحقة، والموازنات المستقلة، والموازنات الاستثنائية، والحسابات الخاصة خارج الموازنة.


References used
خطار شلبي، العلوم المالية (الموازنة)، لم تذكر دار النشر، بيروت، 1962
زينب حسين عوض الله، مبادئ المالية العامة، الدار الجامعية، بيروت، 1998
سوزي عدلي ناشد، المالية العامة، منشورات الحلبي الحقوقية، بيروت، 2003
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