Do you want to publish a course? Click here

Intellectual Freedom, Mildness, and Moderation in the Literature of Al-Jahiz

الحرية الفكرية و الوسطية و الاعتدال في أدب الجاحظ

2808   1   47   0 ( 0 )
 Publication date 2014
and research's language is العربية
 Created by Shamra Editor




Ask ChatGPT about the research

This research tackles important humanitarian issues, both old and new, dealt with by Al-Jahiz in his books and letters. The most important of which is the issue of intellectual freedom, mildness, and moderation. In the process of dealing with these matters, it became quite clear how Al- Jahiz was a humanitarian who persistently tried to find common ground and harmony between people as well as his continuous call not to turn variety and difference into conflict. And so, Al-Jahiz became quite the advocate of intellectual freedom of his time, dismissing all that restrains him, in different venues of life, and believing in the importance of different opinions. Consequently, he established a culture on civilized conversation and rejected all kinds of fanaticism, extremism, sternness, and accusations of infidelity. The research also attempts to delve deep down into Al-Jahiz’s intellect in the issues he tackled. It also tries to arrive at a reading of these issues in his texts. However, the research does not link Al-Jahiz’s intellect with the historical background or with the Mu’tazilah creed that made him glorify the mind making it his authority in every matter. Finally, the research attributes Al-Jahiz’s intellect to his rare literary genius that made him capable of approximating every creed to different kinds of minds.



References used
أمراء البيان: محمد كرد علي، القاهرة، مطبعة لجنة التأليف و الترجمة و النشر، 1937 م
البخلاء: الجاحظ، تحقيق طه الحاجري، القاهرة، دار المعارف، الطبعة السابعة، 1990 م
البخلاء: الجاحظ، تقديم أحمد ظافر كوجان، دار المدى للثقافة و النشر، طبعة خاصة وزعت مع جريدة الثورة، 2003 م
rate research

Read More

This research tries to address the problem of Ibn Wahab Al-Kateb Types of Rhetorics according to Al-Jahiz and Ibn Wahab Al-Kateb accusing Abi Othman Al-Jahiz of not giving rhetorics what it is worth, and of not studying it thoroughfully. Ibn Wahab claimed completing what is missed through his detailed study of the types of rhetorics, which are, to a large extent, similar to the types of rhetorics according to Abi Othman.The later referred to the importance of the relation between pronunciation, meaning and the necessity of the accordance between the two. In addition, meaning is prior to pronunciation because it depends upon thought and contemplation. He describes the types of rhetorics in a pyramidal sequential through levels that stem-- and result-- from each other. Similarly, Ibn wahab considers that the types of rhetorics result from each other. These types, according to critics, are a process of a birth of these forms. Despite the big similarity of the types of rhetorics according to both Ibn Wahab Al- Kateb and Abi Othman Al-Jahiz, the first was not only a transcriber, but also he added and clarified in certain areas. He exclusively talked about writers and classified them in one of five: transcript writer, pronunciation writer, contract writer, judgment writer and management writer. He also mentioned the most important features that a transcript writer must have and divided writers into three levels. He extended in talking about the types of handwriting and the forms of pens. These issues were dropped by Al-Jahiz when talking about the types of rhetorics.
The literature of Traits is a literature of characteristics ingrained in the self and human qualities enshrined in the human psyche. It is a literature that depicts what man has been born with generosity, meanness, courage, daring, cowardice, trea chery or baseness. It depicts the envy, gloating, and hatred, and displays stupidity, vanity, Inanity and dream, as well as lying, folly, debauchery, chastity and dignity.
the abundance of intellectual and creative process. Find question arises: Are intellectual increasing productivity within a specific time affect the quality of ideas? Where most people believe that this relationship is inverse proportion when in fa ct it is a direct proportion of any relationship the greater the quantity and speed of ideas have also increased the quality and how the college of ideas. It then Researcher provides many examples of famous scientists recorded books creativity and immortalized the date their name through the ages, where they used methods of exploration intellectual for the selection of the most appropriate of a series of ideas generated have, possess it on the classification of the first type of thinker «John Enobern» which class people rated arbitrator eloquent into three types: those who make the events, and those who they see, and those who are wondering: 'What's going on? And researcher moves to the conditions and the basic components of productivity intellectual of fluency, flexibility, originality and intellectual vision of the subject in all its aspects and in different ways, explaining the need to move away from the way of thinking unilateral, or so-called intellectual stagnation stressing that by listing the many historical experiences and realism. The researcher adopted historical and descriptive and analytical in this research, combining stylistic induction and deduction (conclusion), and using the objectivity in the way away from the self-offering a* This research was prepared in the context of a student's master's thesis Ehab.
حققت النظرية العامة للالتزامات والعقود انتصارا كبيرا للحرية الفردية، و ذلك عن طريق إعلاء شأن سلطان الإرادة في تحديد مضمون العقد والتزامات أطرافه، فكانت فكرة الحق الطبيعي من العوامل التي خلقت مبدأ سلطان الإرادة الذي يقدس حرية الأفراد الشيء الذي جعل ال إرادة الشخصية والحرية التعاقدية مظهران للحرية الطبيعية بحيث تعتبر الإرادة أساس التصرف القانوني فهي التي تنشئه وتحدد اثاره، والقاعدة أن الإرادة سيدة موفورة السلطان لانها عندما تنشأ التصرف القانوني تعمل متحررة من القيود التي تستلزم ورودها في شكل أو في آخر بل إن الأصل انها حرة في تحديد أثر هذا التصرف بالنسبة لأصحابه، ومن ثم أصبح تكوين العقد يستند إلى الإرادة باعتبارها تمثل الشخصية الإنسانية تثبت ذاتها وتؤكد دوافعها وأغراضها بمعنى أن الإرادة بمقدورها إقرار قانون خاص، وما يتبع ذلك من ضرورة احترام القاضي لهذه الإرادة . بحيث أنه يعد مبدأ الحرية التعاقدية من تطبيقات نظرية سلطان الإرادة . إلا أنه في الآونة الأخيرة عرف هذا التوجه عدة تحولات اقتصادي و اجتماعي التي أدت إلى إحداث فوارق طبقية واضحة بين الأفراد بسبب تراكم رؤوس الأموال وتركيز المشروعات، لذلك شهدت موازن الأفكار القانونية اهتزازات كبيرة ومن تم أصبحت النظم القانونية مرغمة على استيعاب المعطيات الجديدة وعلى تقديم الحلول اللازمة لهذه الفوارق، تفادù لاختلال التوازن التعاقدي، مما دفع الدول إلى التدخل بما تتوفر عليه من وسائل التوجيهية في عدة مجالات أهمها الميدان الاقتصادي ، ومن ثم برزت عدة تشريعات ذات طابع اقتصادي يهدف إلى تنظيم السوق داخل نطاق ما يسمى القانون الاقتصادي الذي لا يعتبر في الواقع فرعا حديثا لكونه يتعايش مع مجموعة من القواعد القانونية التقليدية بنفس الطريقة التي يتعايش مع الحياة الاقتصادية ،ومن ثم تعد هذه القواعد كأساس لخلق نوع من التوازن الاقتصادي للعقد، بحيث أن هذا الأخير هو اتفاق مولد للالتزام يقوم بسبب ارتباط الإيجاب للقبول، أي أن فكرة العقد كلها تقوم على أساس حرية الإرادة التي يتمتع بها جميع الأطراف لذلك فموضوع العقود هو التنوع اللامتناهي في الأشياء التي ينظمها الأشخاص.
Women shared men in the cultural aspects of life during the Abbasid ear, by proving to be famous poets and authors. A group of women were very creative in poetry through its various topics, such as praise, criticism and other topics. In Prose, wo men expressed their wide background knowledge especially in two main areas in prose: the art of personal correspondence and the art of dedication. Women's contribution in the field of literature during the Abbasid time, was actually a reflection of their interaction with the cultural background of that era and an attempt for meeting the needs to be open to the new civilisation arid a reflection of the ability to mingle with other types of art in all fields. Women's contribution therefore is an indication of their mental and intellectual potentials and the prominent role they played by that time to give in the end a good example through their genuine literature and writing..
comments
Fetching comments Fetching comments
Sign in to be able to follow your search criteria
mircosoft-partner

هل ترغب بارسال اشعارات عن اخر التحديثات في شمرا-اكاديميا