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Register a new userDevelopment of a Screening Technique to Assess the Genetic Variability For Heat Stress Tolerance Among Sorghum Germplasms
تطوير أسلوب غربلة لتقييم التباين الوراثي في تحمل إجهاد الحرارة العالية في الذرة البيضاء
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Damascus University ورقة بحثية
Publication date
2001
fields
Field Crops
and research's language is
العربية
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Shamra Editor
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نفذ هذا البحث في مخابر كلية الزراعة، جامعة دمشق عام ٢٠٠٠ ، بهدف تطوير أسلوب غربلة لتقييم التباين الوراثي في تحمل إجهاد الحرارة العالية في الذرة البيضاء، حدد المستوى المحرض الأمثل من الحرارة في محصول الذرة البيضاء، من خلال تعريض البادرات بعمر يومين لعدة مستويات غير مميتة من الحرارة، تلا ذلك تعريضها لمستوى مميت أمثل محدد مسبقًا لفترة زمنية محددة. نفذت هذه التقانة من خلال غربلة عشرين مدخلا وراثيًا من محصول الذرة البيضاء (سلسلة إزرع*) بهدف الوقوف على استجابة هذه المدخلات لإجهاد الحرارة العالية و مدى تحملها أو حساسيتها لإجهاد تلك الحرارة. اعتبرت بادارت المدخلات التي بقيت حية بعد نقلها من المستوى المحرض إلى المستوى المميت، ثم سمح لها باستعادة النمو ضمن ظروف الحرارة المناسبة ( ٣٠ °م)، بأنَّها مدخلات متحملة لإجهاد الحرارة العالية. و تتوقف درجة التحمل على نسبة التخفيض في معدل النمو خلال فترة استعادة النمو مقارنة مع الشاهد المطلق.
Determination of the optimum induction and lethal levels of stress are considered the most important prerequisites for the proposed screening technique. This research was conducted at the Faculty of Agriculture at Damascus University in the year ٢٠٠٠. The main objective of this investigation was to screen sorghum lines for heat stress tolerance and determine the effectiveness of the proposed technique in screening for this environmental stress at the seedling stage.
References used
Ahmed, F. E., A. E. Hall, and D. A. Dcmason. ١٩٩٢. Amer. J. Bot
Ashwani, P., S. L. Singla, and A. Grover. ١٩٩٧. Short term salinity and high temperature stress associated ultra – structural alteration in young leaf cell of Oryza sativa L. Ann. Bot
Shehab, A. ١٩٩٩. Genetic variability in temperature and moisture stress tolerance in sunflower Hybrids: An assessment based on physiological and bichemical parameters. Ph.D. thesis. Crop Physiology Department, U.A.S . India
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Different experiments were conducted under laboratory conditions, at the
Faculty of Agriculture – Damascus University, in order to develop a suitable
and efficient screening tool, which can be applied to assess the genetic
variability among 20 sor
ghum genotypes (Izraa series) for high salt stress
tolerance.
We were able to develop a screening technique involves pre- exposing
sorghum seedlings to a sub – lethal level of salinity stress (induction stress) (150
mM NaCl) for 16 hrs which can induce the genotypes to prepare defensive
means, which may differ according to the genetic potentiality of each genotype.
These protective responses may help the genotype to endure the lethal level of
salinity stress (400 mM NaCl) for 48 hrs. At a later stage, the seedlings were
transferred to distilled water for 72 hrs and the rate of recovery growth was
taken as a criterion to select the highly salt tolerant genotypes by using Zdistribution
analysis.
Results revealed that genotypes such as: Izraa 10, Izraa 15, and Izraa 18
could be classified as salt tolerant genotypes which showed higher recovery
growth and the least growth reduction over the control. Whereas a genotype
such as Izraa 22 was grouped as salt sensitive one where the percent growth
reduction over the control was greater, indicating that this genotype has low
recovery growth ability.
Our results suggest that the proposed screening technique is rapid, effective,
and match the natural screening.
A hydroponic culture experiment was conducted under the green house
conditions, at the general commission of scientific agricultural research, and
the faculty of agriculture, Damascus university, during the year 2002-003.
The objectives of this in
vestigation concentrated on the influence of four
salinity levels (0-50-100-150 mM NaCl) on some physiological parameters of
eight sorghum genotypes. The experiment was designed in a RCB design with
three replications.
Nineteen locally selected potato lines were screened for water stress
tolerance by measuring the growth parameters in vitro. The stress was achieved
by adding 4% of sorbitol to the growth medium. Plant height and diameter,
leaf area, number, lengt
h and diameter of roots and plant fresh and dry weight
were measured. The results showed a difference in the response of the studied
lines to water stress, cluster analysis, based on the sum of all growth
parameters relative values of the lines showed that the lines were divided into
three groups according to water stress tolerance: The tolerant group, the
moderate tolerant group and the sensitive group. The results indicated the
possibility to use the in vitro method to screen the potato lines for water stress
tolerance.
The study was carried out at Central Highlands Research Farm, in Yemen,
during 2014 and 2015 seasons, to study the adaptation of five sorghum varieties
introduced from (ICBA) and local variety (white sorghum) against climate
changes, to obtain goo
d quantity and high forage yield varieties. RCBD design
with three replications was used.
An experiment was conducted in Kharabo station which belongs to the
faculty of agriculture, Damascus university during the growing season 2009 !
2010, to evaluate the response of seventeen sorghum genotypes under water
stress conditions during the flowering stage according to the randomized
complete block design (RCBD), with three replicates.
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