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Register a new userEffect of soil Moisture Stress on Yield and Other Agronomic Characters of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Genotypes
تأثير الإجهاد المائي في الغلة و بعض الصفات المحصولية (Cicer arietinum L.) لسلالات من الحمص
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يواجه الحمص في مناخ حوض البحر المتوسط نوعين من الجفاف: الجفاف المتقطع في أثناء الموسم الزراعي لتأخر سقوط الأمطار، و الجفاف في نهايته لتوقف سقوط الأمطار قبل نضج المحصول. أجريت دراسة ضمن ظروف البيت الزجاجي خلال الفترة من شهر آب 2002 حتى نهاية نيسان 2003 لمعرفة تأثير عدة مستويات من الإجهاد المائي في ستة طرز وراثية من الحمص، أربعة من النوع الكابلي (Kabuli) و اثنين من النوع الديزي (Desi).
Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) in the Mediterranean climate can experience two types of drought: intermittent drought stress and terminal drought stress. A study was conducted during early August 2002 to early April 2003 under glasshouse conditions, to study the response of six chickpea genotypes, four Kabuli and two Desi, to soil moisture levels.
Artificial intelligence review:
Research summary
تتناول هذه الدراسة تأثير الإجهاد المائي على إنتاجية وخصائص نبات الحمص (Cicer arietinum L.) في مناخ البحر الأبيض المتوسط. أجريت التجربة في ظروف بيت زجاجي من أغسطس 2002 إلى أبريل 2003، حيث تم تقييم استجابة ستة أصناف من الحمص (أربعة من نوع Kabuli واثنان من نوع Desi) لمستويات مختلفة من الرطوبة في التربة. تم تطبيق ثلاثة مستويات من المعالجة المائية: W1 (إجهاد مائي شديد)، W2 (إجهاد مائي متوسط)، وW3 (تحكم كامل). أظهرت النتائج أن الأصناف FLIP-98-107 وDZ-10-11 كانت الأكثر تفوقًا في التكيف مع مستويات الرطوبة المختلفة، حيث أنتجت أعلى إنتاجية للحبوب في كل من الظروف الأكثر إجهادًا (W1) والمثلى (W3). تم استخدام مؤشر حساسية الجفاف لتحديد الأصناف الأكثر تحملًا للجفاف، ووجد أن الأصناف التي تنضج مبكرًا وتنتج عددًا أكبر من القرون والبذور لكل نبات ومؤشر حصاد أعلى كانت الأكثر ارتباطًا بإنتاجية الحبوب تحت ظروف الإجهاد المائي. يمكن استخدام هذه الخصائص كمعايير اختيار لتحسين استقرار المحاصيل في المناطق المعرضة للجفاف.
Critical review
دراسة نقدية: تقدم هذه الدراسة إسهامًا مهمًا في فهم تأثير الإجهاد المائي على إنتاجية نبات الحمص، وتحديد الأصناف التي تتحمل الجفاف. ومع ذلك، هناك بعض النقاط التي يمكن تحسينها. أولاً، كانت الدراسة محدودة في نطاقها الجغرافي والبيئي، حيث أجريت في ظروف بيت زجاجي فقط. قد تكون النتائج مختلفة في الحقول المفتوحة حيث تتأثر النباتات بعوامل بيئية أخرى مثل الرياح ودرجة الحرارة. ثانيًا، كان من المفيد تضمين مزيد من التفاصيل حول كيفية تأثير الإجهاد المائي على الجوانب الفسيولوجية للنباتات مثل التمثيل الضوئي والتنفس. أخيرًا، كان من الممكن تعزيز الدراسة بإجراء تجارب ميدانية متعددة المواقع للتحقق من استقرار النتائج عبر بيئات مختلفة.
Questions related to the research
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ما هي الأصناف التي أظهرت تفوقًا في التكيف مع مستويات الرطوبة المختلفة؟
الأصناف FLIP-98-107 وDZ-10-11 أظهرت تفوقًا في التكيف مع مستويات الرطوبة المختلفة.
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ما هي المعايير التي يمكن استخدامها لتحسين استقرار المحاصيل في المناطق المعرضة للجفاف؟
يمكن استخدام خصائص مثل النضج المبكر، وعدد القرون والبذور لكل نبات، ومؤشر الحصاد كمعايير لتحسين استقرار المحاصيل في المناطق المعرضة للجفاف.
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ما هو مؤشر حساسية الجفاف وكيف تم استخدامه في الدراسة؟
مؤشر حساسية الجفاف هو مقياس يستخدم لتحديد تحمل الأصناف للجفاف. تم استخدامه في الدراسة لفصل الأصناف بناءً على سلوكها تجاه الجفاف.
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ما هي التوصيات لتحسين إنتاجية الحمص في بيئات الجفاف؟
توصي الدراسة بتطوير أصناف تتحمل الإجهاد المائي وتنتج إنتاجية عالية تحت ظروف الجفاف، واستخدام خصائص مثل النضج المبكر وعدد القرون والبذور لكل نبات ومؤشر الحصاد كمعايير اختيار.
References used
Boyer, J.S. 1996. Advances in drought tolerance in plants. Advances in Agronomy, 56:187-218
Boutraa, A., and F.E., Sander. 2001. Influence of water stress on grain yield and vegetative growth of two cultivars of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science, 187 (4) page: 251
Brown, S.C., P.J. Gregory, P.J.M Cooper and J.D.J. Keatinge. 1989. Root and shoot growth and water use of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L) grown in dryland conditions: Effects of sowing date and genotype. Journal Of Agricultural Science, 13 (1): 41-50
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A half diallel making design was used to determine combining ability and heterosis of six
chickpea lines and their hybrid combinations with R.C.B.D. in three replication for seed
yield per plant, number of pods per branch, pods number per plant, fi
rst pod height and
100- seed weight, during 2015 and 2016 seasons, at the research Center of Al-Gab
(G.C.S.A.R). Genotypes, general (GCA) and specific (SCA) combining ability mean
squares were significant for all studied traits. The ratio σ2
GCA / σ2
SCA were detected for all
traits and showed that non- additive gene action was more important than additive gene
action in controlling all studied traits. GCA effects showed that the lines P2(IL.10158) was
good general combiner for number of pods per branch and plant, also, 100- seed weight
where, P3 (IL.5883) and P4(IL.4) were good general combiner for first pod height and seed
yield per plant, respectively. SCA effects showed that(P1×P2) hybrid was the best F1
crosses combination for seed yield per plant. On the other side (P1×P2), (P1×P4) and
(P2×P4) were showed positive and significant heterosis values for seed yield per plant and
100- seed weight also first pod height and number of pod per branch and plant
respectively.
The research was carried out in the biotechnology Laboratory at the
Faculty of Agriculture, Damascus University, in cooperation with the General
Commission For Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), during the year
2012. Eleven genotypes of cul
tivated chickpea were planted to determine their
genetic diversity and the degree of genetic similarity using the ISSR technique.
16 primers were used for this purpose. Results indicated that Nine primers
proved their effectiveness in showing polymorphism among the genotypes
examined and the primers gave a total of 91 alleles with a polymorphic
percentage of 93.4%. The number of bands for each primer varied from a
minimum of 2 bands for the primers ISSR7-ISSR13 to a maximum of 16 bands
for the primer ISSR11, with an average of 9.1 bands per a primer. The results
also showed that the degree of genetic similarity ranged between 46 and 78%,
where the highest was 78% between the genotypes of Afghanistan – Morocco,
then 77% between the genotypes Tunisia-Afghanistan and Tunisia- Iran and
followed by Spain- Iran and Spain- Pakistan (50%) and the lowest was 46%
between genotypes Afghanistan- Pakistan.
A half diallel making design was used to determine combining ability and heterosis of six
chickpea lines and their hybrid combinations with R.C.B.D. in three replication for seed
yield per plant, number of pods per branch, pods number per plant, fi
rst pod height and
100- seed weight, during 2015 and 2016 seasons, at the research Center of Al-Gab
(G.C.S.A.R). Genotypes, general (GCA) and specific (SCA) combining ability mean
squares were significant for all studied traits. The ratio σ2
GCA / σ2
SCA were detected for all
traits and showed that non- additive gene action was more important than additive gene
action in controlling all studied traits. GCA effects showed that the lines الإسباني was good
general combiner for traits:seed yield per plant, pods per plant, 100- seed weight, days to
maturity, protein per cent. SCA effects showed that(Algerian×Spanish) hybrid was the
good specific combiner for seed yield per plant, pods per plant, 100- seed weight, harvest
index. On the other side(Algerian×Spanish) was showed significant desirable heterosis
values for seed yield per plant and 100- seed weight, days to maturity, harvest index.
A study was conducted to evaluate the diversity among chickpeas accessions
collected from Jordan for some morpho-agronomic traits, specially yield and its
components. The evaluated material consisted of 137 accessions and three
improved cultivars
released in Jordan. The study was conducted at the Jordan
University of Science and Technology Research Station using the augmented
design. Some of the parameters used in the evaluation included the mean,
standard deviation, range, coefficient of variation, diversity index. Also, a
dendrogram to establish the relationship among locations where landraces
were originally developed.
Results indicated the presence of significant variability for all traits under
investigation. Diversity index values (H′) exceeded 0.50 for all characters with
the highest value for biological yield (0.84), followed by lowest pod height
(0.82), grain yield (0.78), and straw yield (0.78).
The following accessions were found to be superior over the improved
cultivars in one or more of the studied characters: ILC 6941, ILC 6938, ILC
4411, and ILC 4096. These are important genetic resources for breeders to
improve the chickpea crop.
The results indicated the importance of the local landraces as a source of
genetic variability that should be conserved, evaluated and utilized by breeders
to improve the crop productivity and quality.
This research was conducted at the Laboratory of Tissue Culture, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University. Because of the importance of the food and economic of chickpea, two Winter chickpea cultivars (Ghab 4, Ghab 5) and two Vernal chickpea culti
vars were used (ILC263, ILC1929) and planted in pots until flowering, so the floral buds were picked before opened and washed with distilled water and alcohol three times. Anthers were separated and treated at preliminary temperatures (4 Cْ for 48 hours, and 35 Cْ for 12 hours), then it washed with a solution of hypochlorite of sodium( Naocl 2%) for a period of 15 minute, and washed with distilled sterilized water ,then where planted on the environment Murashige and Skoog ( MS) equipped with 1, 3 and 5 mg/L of auxin 2,4, D, as well as 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 mg /L of Cytokinin Benzyl Amino Purine( BAP) individually and with interaction between them and incubated under conditions of 27 Cْ and 75% of the humidity and the intensity of 1500 Lux of light for 16 hours. The main objective of research was to study the effect of both preliminary heating treatment , quality and concentration of used hormone on producing callus from used chickpea cultivars anthers. Results showed difference in cultivars response in the treatment of both temperature and single hormone, so Ghab 5 cultivar was the most responsive to the formation of callus, while the results indicated that the highest percentage of the formation of callus was 40% when treated at 4 Cْ of Ghab 4 and Ghab 5 cultivars, while ILC263 cultivar showed less response in all the individual treatments for growth regulators.
As well as results showed that the significant and catalyst role for using of hormones together with heat treatment, where each of Ghab 5, Ghab 4 and ILC1929 cultivars were the superiority, by the arrival of the percentage of 80% and 60%, respectively.
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