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Characteristics of Some Syrian Fresh White Cheeses (Baladi and Akkawi) Manufactured from Cow's Milk

دراسة صفات بعض الأجبان البيضاء السورية الطازجة (البلدي و العكاوي) المصنعة من حليب الأبقار

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 Publication date 2006
and research's language is العربية
 Created by Shamra Editor




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In this paper, we evaluated some varieties of local white cheeses (Baladi and Akkawi). 100 samples were collected randomly from various production sites in Syria between 2003 and 2004. Chemical and microbiological analyses were applied to determine their suitability to the Syrian standards. This study shows that their quality do not fulfill the set minimum Syrian quality standards. The microbiological analyses (Coliform, Escherichia, Staphylococcus aureus, and Salmonella), rate was 75% for Coliform organisms and 66% for Escherichia in Baladi, while it decreased to 43% for Coliform and 25% for Escherichia in Akkawi. As concerns the positive coagulation bacteria (S. aureus), the rate exceeded 15% for both types of cheeses. 18% and 12% of Salmonella were found in Baladi and Akkawi also respectively. Various types of Coliform and Salmonella were identified. This study indicated that local cheeses have no uniform or standardized chemical characteristics. The averages of acidity, moisture content and salt percentage were 0.24%, 60%, and 2.6%, for Baladi and 0.28%, 53.53%, and 9.96% for Akkawi, respectively. The fat content had a wide range for all cheese samples. This study classified these fresh cheeses as raw cheeses that have vast flora and no uniform chemical and quality characteristics. The above findings, lead to different defects and properties which do not fulfill the Syrian quality standards. Thus, the quality of Syrian cheeses varieties is still questionable.


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Research summary
تتناول هذه الدراسة تقييم بعض أنواع الأجبان البيضاء الطازجة المحلية (بلدي وعكاوي) في سوريا. تم جمع 100 عينة عشوائية من مواقع إنتاج مختلفة في سوريا بين عامي 2003 و2004. تم إجراء تحليلات كيميائية وميكروبيولوجية لتحديد مدى توافقها مع المعايير السورية. أظهرت الدراسة أن جودة هذه الأجبان لا تفي بالحد الأدنى من المعايير السورية. كانت نسبة الكوليفورم في الجبن البلدي 75% والإشريكية القولونية 66%، بينما انخفضت إلى 43% للكوليفورم و25% للإشريكية القولونية في الجبن العكاوي. تجاوزت نسبة بكتيريا التخثر الإيجابية (S. aureus) 15% لكلا النوعين من الأجبان. كما تم العثور على 18% و12% من السالمونيلا في الجبن البلدي والعكاوي على التوالي. أشارت الدراسة إلى أن الأجبان المحلية لا تتمتع بخصائص كيميائية موحدة أو معايير جودة ثابتة. كانت متوسطات الحموضة، محتوى الرطوبة، ونسبة الملح 0.24%، 60%، و2.6% للجبن البلدي و0.28%، 53.53%، و9.96% للجبن العكاوي على التوالي. كان محتوى الدهون متغيرًا بشكل كبير في جميع العينات. خلصت الدراسة إلى أن هذه الأجبان الطازجة تُصنف كأجبان خام تحتوي على فلورا متنوعة ولا تتمتع بخصائص كيميائية وجودة موحدة، مما يؤدي إلى عيوب وخصائص مختلفة لا تفي بالمعايير السورية، وبالتالي فإن جودة الأجبان السورية لا تزال موضع تساؤل.
Critical review
دراسة نقدية: على الرغم من أن الدراسة تقدم تحليلاً شاملاً لجودة الأجبان البيضاء الطازجة في سوريا، إلا أن هناك بعض النقاط التي يمكن تحسينها. أولاً، كان من الأفضل توسيع نطاق العينات لتشمل مناطق جغرافية أوسع لضمان تمثيل أفضل لجودة الأجبان في سوريا. ثانياً، لم تتناول الدراسة بشكل كافٍ الأسباب المحتملة لعدم توافق الأجبان مع المعايير السورية، مثل ظروف الإنتاج والتخزين. ثالثاً، كان من الممكن أن تقدم الدراسة توصيات عملية لتحسين جودة الأجبان المحلية بناءً على النتائج. وأخيراً، كان من الممكن أن تستفيد الدراسة من مقارنة الأجبان السورية بأجبان من دول أخرى لتقديم سياق أوسع للنتائج.
Questions related to the research
  1. ما هي نسبة الكوليفورم في الجبن البلدي والعكاوي؟

    كانت نسبة الكوليفورم في الجبن البلدي 75% وفي الجبن العكاوي 43%.

  2. ما هي نسبة بكتيريا S. aureus في الأجبان المدروسة؟

    تجاوزت نسبة بكتيريا S. aureus 15% لكلا النوعين من الأجبان.

  3. ما هي متوسطات الحموضة، محتوى الرطوبة، ونسبة الملح في الجبن البلدي؟

    كانت متوسطات الحموضة، محتوى الرطوبة، ونسبة الملح في الجبن البلدي 0.24%، 60%، و2.6% على التوالي.

  4. هل تفي الأجبان البيضاء الطازجة المدروسة بالمعايير السورية للجودة؟

    لا، أظهرت الدراسة أن جودة الأجبان البيضاء الطازجة المدروسة لا تفي بالحد الأدنى من المعايير السورية للجودة.


References used
Beerens, H. and Luquet, F. M. (1987). ”Guide Practique Danalyse Microbiologque Des Laits Et Des Produits Laitiers”. Lavoisier 11,Rue Lavoisier,-F75384 Paris Cedex 08
Brocklehurst, T. F., Lund, B. M. (1985). “Microbiological Changes in Cottage Cheese Varieties during storage. Food Microbial 2,207
Code of Federal Regulations. (1995). Title21. Part133. Cheeses and Related Cheese Products. Rockville, MD: Office of the Federal Register National Archives and Records Administration. p 295
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