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The Side- effects of Some Insecticides to Be Used in Apple Orchards on The Adults of Egg Parasitoid Trichogramma cacoeciae Marchal (Trichogrammatidae: Hymenoptera)

التأثيرات الجانبية لعدد من مبيدات الحشرات الشائعة الاستخدام في بساتين التفاح في بالغات متطفل البيض (Trichogramma cacoeciae Marchal ) (Trichogrammatidae: Hymenoptera)

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 Publication date 2010
  fields Plant Protecion
and research's language is العربية
 Created by Shamra Editor




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The side-effect of six insecticides get to be used on apple trees in Syria were tested on the adults of the egg parasitoid Trichogramma cacoeciae Marchal. Using the exposure of adults to treatment glass plates for 24 hours. The highest recommended field application rate was applied. The classification of the International Organization for Biological Control for insecticides effect in adults mortality or reducing of parasitism was used (1, Harmless; 2, slightly harmful; 3, moderately harmful; 4, harmless). This study showed that Cloropyrifos, Deltamethrin and Acetamiprid and caused adults mortality 100%, and classified as harmful insecticides (glass 4) according to IOBC. While Diflubenzuron, lufenuron and fenoxycarb were slightly harmful in adults mortality (class 2) according to IOBC. Whereas was harmful to larval stage only, and moderately harmful to the egg and pupae. Acetamiprid was also harmful to the egg stage and moderately harmful to larvae and pupae. Whereas the insect growth regulator insecticides and the insect growth inhibitors (Diflubenzuron, Lufenuron and Fenoxycarb) caused reducing in parasitism (82.05, 56.03, 94.40)% for the three insecticides respectively, and classified (class 2, 2, 3) respectively according IOBC category compared with the parasitism in control 89.25%, also the latest three insecticides reduced significantly the longevity of adults which were survived after the exposure to treatment class plate compared with the control.

References used
Abbott, W. S. (1925). A method for computing the effectiveness an insecticide. J. Economic Entomology. 18: 265- 267
Boller, E. F., H. Vogt., P. Ternes and C. Malavolta. (2005). Working Document on Selectivity of Pesticides. 9p
Brunner, J. F., Dunley. J. E., Doerr. M. D and Beers. E. H. (2001). Effect of Pesticides on Colpoclypeus florus (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) and Trichogramma platneri (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae), Parasitoids of Leafrollers in Washington; J. Econ Entomol. 94(5):1075-1084
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A trial to control codling moth, Cydia pomonella L., by releasing the egg parasitoid Trichogramma cacoeciae Marchal, was conducted for the first time at Syria in Al-Sweida Mountains, ٢٠٠١. This experiment was carried out in a young commercial appl e orchard in Jabal Urman, Sweida. T. cacoeciae (Sy٢ strain) was released two times at a rate of ١٥٠ parasitoids/ tree/ release. Efficacy in reduction of fruit damage was ٣٤,٣٧٪ comparing with untreated one. Results showed that ٢ applications of this rate at the second generation were not efficient to prevent damage above the economic threshold but it could be used as a part of an integrated pest management program of this pest. Several factors that affect Trichogramma efficacy in the field are discussed.
The toxic effect of some insecticides (Amitraz, Amitraz + summer oil, Abamectin, Abamectin + summer oil) and plant extracts (Melia azedarach L., M. azedarach + summer oil, Schinus molle L., S. molle + summer oil) were tested on the predator of pea r psyllae insect Anthocoris nemoralis F. and the parasite Trechnites psyllae R. in the Mokhtaria research station, agricultural research center at Homs during the season 2011.
نفذ العمل المخبري في مخابر مركز بحوث ودراسات المكافحة الحيوية كلية الزراعة - جامعة دمشق . ونفذ العمل الحقلي في مزرعة أبو جرش في كلية الزراعة ومزرعة مركز بحوث ودراسات المكافحة الحيوية .
The aim of the research was to study seasonal changes communities of spider mites and predatory mite Typhlodromus athiasae Porath and Swirski on two apple cultivars (Golden and red Delicious) from orchards located in two regions: Al-Mokharam and Al - Qusayr during the beginning May 2013 and the end of October 2014. The results showed that the highest density of the spider mites was in two essential period in early and mid summer, while T.athiasae started its active with started pery active, that started appear in the may, and the top of its number was in July, The mean density of the mite predator and spider mites was higher on the red Delicious apple cultivar compared to Golden Delicious with significant differences, and its presence was higher in the Al-Qusayr region compared to the Al-Mokharam region with significant differences, also remarked this predator on some surrounding vegetation in these orchards.
Five insecticides were evaluated for controlling of almond seed wasp, Eurytoma amygdali, the study was carried out at Al Fhaila – Homs. The insecticides were Concord super, Karate zeon, Zenith, Lentrek and Desis 50.The results indicated that insec ticides affected significantly the infestation, Concord super caused the lowest infestation (2.66%) compared with the control (39%) in (2009). In 2010, Karate zeon caused the lowest infestation (2.66%) where it was (40%) in the control. The economic analysis indicated that Concord super was the best because of its lowest cost and highest saving money in secticide (5832.2) Sp., but Karate zeon was the least money-saving insechcide (5525.4) Sp.

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