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Register a new userThe effect of clay mineralogy, assemblage of clay particles and hydric stress history in soil water content
تأثير نوع معدن الطين و الحالة البنائية في المحتوى الرطوبي للتربة في ظروف الترطيب و التجفيف
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Damascus University ورقة بحثية
Publication date
2013
fields
Soil And Water
and research's language is
العربية
Authors
حسن المجو( باحث )
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Shamra Editor
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أجريت الدراسة لبيان تأثير خواص نوعية معادن الطين و الحالة البنائية في كمية الماء المرتبط تحـت الظروف المناخية المتمثلة في تعاقب دورات الترطيب و التجفيف التي ترتبط بعلاقة مع خـصائص الطـي: مثل السطح النوعي الخارجي و السعة التبادلية الكاتيونية. اخذت عينات ترابية مكونة من عدة آفاق تربـة سطحية و تحت سطحية ممثلة عدة مناطق في فرنسا و سورية خلال عامي 2009 و 2012 ، بالتعـاون مـع المركز الوطني للبحوث العلمية و جامعة اورليان في فرنسا، لدراسة تأثير الخصائص الفيزيائية على الحالة الخصوبية لمجموعة من الترب، منها الترب السورية. و قد أجريت الدراسة على عينات تحتوي على نسبة من الطين أعلى من 30 % وزنا، و ذلك بتقدير المحتوى الرطوبي عند قوى شد رطوبي مـن (01.0) بـار إلى (15) بار، و ذلك باستعمال عينات تربة مأخوذة من الحقل عندما تكون التربة بحالة رطوبة قريبة مـن الإشباع، و تكون الكتلة الحجمية للأفق و لعينات التربة، و نسبة الطين بالتربة، و السعة التبادلية الكاتيونيـة (CEC) ، و السطح النوعي الخارجي (Ss) ، و تحديد نوعية معـادن الطـين باسـتخدام الأشـعة الـسينية لمجموعة من الأفاق تحت السطحية بهدف دراسة العلاقة التي تربط بين نوعية معادن الطين و كمية المـاء المرتبط. و قد اظهرت النتائج أن وجود الاختلاف في كمية الماء المرتبط للترب الطينية ناتج عن التغيـر فـي كمية الطين و الحالة البنائية التي يمكن تقديرها بواسطة الحجم المسامي الناتج من تجمع حبيبـات الطـين الاولية. كما أكدت النتائج أن تتالي دورات (الترطيب و التجفيف) التي تعرضت لها العينات المدروسة كـان لها الدور الأكثر فعالية و المحدد للخواص المائية للتربة (كمية الماء المرتبط) من بقية العوامـل الأخـرى المدروسة.
The study was carried out to show the effect of the clay characteristics: specific surface area (Ss), cation exchange capacity (CEC), and the assemblage of clay particles on the soil water content. The effect of hydric stress history (wetting and drying cycles) on the water content of soil was also investigated. Soil samples comprising topsoil horizons and subsoil horizons, with a clay content > 30% were collected in several regions of France and Syria (2009 - 2012) in cooperation with the National Center for Scientific Research and the University of Orléans in France to study the effect of physical characteristics on the fertility status of the soil. The water retention properties were studied from (0.01) bar to (15) bar water potential using small clods collected in winter when swelling is at a maximum and water content close to field capacity. The clay content, the bulk density of horizon and clods, the cation exchange capacity and the specific surface area were measured. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used for identification of the main mineralogical phase, and to study the relationship between the clay mineralogy and the water retention. Results showed that the variation of the soil water content was explained by the differences of clay content and the clay fabric (assemblage of clay particles). The results also showed that wetting and drying cycles were the most important and critical factor for soil water retention properties relative to the other evaluated factors.
References used
Bruand, A. and D. Tessier. 2000. Water retention properties of the clay in soils developed on clayey sediments: Significance of parent material and soil history. European Journal of Soil Science, 51: 679– 688
Munoz-Castelbanco, J., P. Delage, J. M. Pereira and Y. J. Cui. 2011. The relationship between the microstructure and the water retention properties of natural loess from Northern France. Kasetsart University, Thailand
Nowamooz, H. and F. Masrouri. 2012. Soil fabric of compacted and natural swelling soils studied by mercury intrusion porosimetry. 2ed European conference on unsaturated soil: Research and applications, 20-22 June 2012, Napoli, Italy
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This research was conducted in 2016c, at the Zahid Western
Research Station in Akkar Plain region of Tartous Governorate, the
objective of this research is study the effect of non-conventional
organic waste (compost of garbage, sewage sludge) and
cow
manure on the physical properties of clay soil in the region. Wastes
was added to the soil at a rate of (0 - 10 - 20 – 30) t/ha, in order to
determine the effect of the difference in the quantity added on
physical properties of the soil and peanut productivity.
This study was achieved to identify some characteristics of clay minerals of
soils in the southern of region (provinces of Daraa, Sweida). Several soils
profiles were selected, forming a toposequence, including the western slope of
Jabal Al Arab a
nd part of Huran plateau which rise about 500-1200m a.s.L.
and rainfall between 250-350mm. These soils usually are planted with rainfed
crops and some trees. Three samples were collected from each profile at depth
0-25 cm, 25-50cm and 50-100cm in order to determine some physical and
chemical of soli characteristics and x-ray and Differential Thermal Analysis
(DTA) were applied to determine the mineralogical composition of clay
minerals. Results indicated that the soils had an clayey texture (37.9 % in Tafas
Dr2 to 67.5% in Tal al Haded SW2), rather high CEC (35-49.4) meq /100g soil,
neutral pH in Sahwa blata SW1 soil (7.1) to slightly alkaline pH (8) in other
soils, low content of organic matter (1)%. CaCO3 ranged of (3.16)% in Sahwa
blata SW1 soil to (25.35)% in Tafas Dr2. Cacium was the dominant cation on
the exchange complex (33.11mq/100g) in TafasDr2, and followed by magnesium
(13.99 mq/100g) in Tal al Haded SW2. Mineralogical analsis by x-ray and DTA
showed the presence of three main clay minerals, Smectites (montmurillonite),
Kaolinite and Mica (probablly illite).
A field experiment was conducted for two years 2011-2012 to evaluate the effect of various tillage implements, tillage depths and nitrogen fertilizer timing application on soil bulk density, its moisture, and peanut growth. Three different implements
were used: moldboard (MP), chisel (CP) and disk ploughs (DP). Tillage depth treatments (split-plots) included (8-10) cm, (18- 20) cm and (28- 30) cm tillage depths; D1, D2 ,D3 respectively. Timing applications (split-split- plots) were: T1 all nitrogen fertilizer applied at planting ,T2 half nitrogen applied at planting and half at flowering ,T3 all nitrogen fertilizer applied at flowering.
All tillage implements decreased soil bulk density for the tillage depth. They were for treatments (DP,CP,MP) at (0-10)cm depth (1.31,1.33,1.29) g/cm3, (1.31,1.32,1.31) g/cm3 at (10-20) cm depth and (1.36,1.37,1.35)g/cm3at(20-30) cm depth. Soil moisture increased in treatments (DP,CP) with increasing tillage depth .There was no effect of previous factors on main branches, but timing of nitrogen fertilizers (T1, T2) effected secondary branches significantly compared to T3. Moldboard significantly increased leaf area to (1.77) m2/plant compared to chisel (CP) and disk ploughs (DP). Also D2, D3 increased leaf area compared to D1. (T1, T2) significantly increased leaf area compared to T1. Interaction between timing of application and depth (D3 xT2) gave significant differences. The best value was (1.85) m2/plant for the two years.
This paper deals with the study of abnormalities crawl that occur in
soils Algdharyh bulging Khat turns out that these abnormalities are
not related only to enter the water to the soil, but there are
distortions in order to get the bulge constant moisture and these
distortions you get with the times. This research aims to
theoretical and practical study of the behavior of creep in
Algdharyh bulging soil.
This research is done in an experiment by plaster in the
circumstances of Homs. The aim of this paper to study the effect of
adding four different levels of phosphogypsum as much as (0.00,
6.72, 13.44, 20.16)ton / hectare (three replicates for eac
h treatment)
on bulk density and structure stability for clay soil has taken from
(Kattina).
The results showed improvement in the stability of the structure of
soil specially (0.25-1)mm, increasing in aggregation degree ,
increasing of the rate of total porosity ,air filled porosity in
comparison to the control at the two levels(13.44, 20.16)ton/hectare
and also by increasing the added level . Whereas the dispersion
ratio , and Bulk density were decreased when increasing the level
of phosphogypsum at the same two levels.
The main achieved results in this study showed , a significant
increase in aggregation degree in the soil when increasing the ratio
of the added phosphogypsum at the levels( 6.72, 13.44, 20.16) in
comparasion with control .
In other way the dispersion ratio was decreased and had negative
relationship when increasing the level of the added
phosphogypsum in comparasion with control .
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