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Role of some cultural practices in improving nitrogen use efficiency and grain quality of some wheat varieties under rainfed conditions

دور بعض الممارسات الزراعية في زيادة كفاءة استعمال الآزوت و تحسين الخصائص النوعية لدى بعض أصناف القمح المزروعة بعل

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 Publication date 2014
and research's language is العربية
 Created by Shamra Editor




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A field trail was conducted at Jeleen Research Station, Dara,a governorate, Syria, during two consecutive growing seasons (2010/ 2011-2011/ 2012), in order to evaluate the role of some cultural practices in improving nitrogen use efficiency and grains quality characteristics of four wheat varieties (Acsad1105, Acsad1229, Acsad885 and Acsad901). The experiment was laid according to randomized complete block design-split, with three replicates. Leaf area index, grain starch content and grain yield were significantly higher during the first growing season, in the wheat variety (Acsad901), for the first planting date, and nitrogen rate (200 Kg N. ha1-), when nitrogen fertilizer was added in two splits (1.25, 68.60 %, 1051 g. m-2).


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Research summary
أجريت تجربة حقلية في محطة بحوث جلين بمحافظة درعا، سوريا، خلال الموسمين الزراعيين 2010/2011 و2011/2012، بهدف تقييم دور بعض الممارسات الزراعية في تحسين كفاءة استعمال الآزوت والخصائص النوعية لبعض أصناف القمح. استخدمت التجربة تصميم القطاعات العشوائية الكاملة المنشقة بثلاثة مكررات. أظهرت النتائج أن متوسط دليل المساحة الورقية ومحتوى الحبوب من النشاء والغلة الحبية كانت الأعلى معنويًا خلال الموسم الزراعي الأول لدى صنف القمح الطري دومار عند موعد الزراعة الأول ومعدل التسميد الآزوتي (200 كغ/هكتار) وعند إضافة الأسمدة الآزوتية على دفعتين. كما كانت كفاءة استعمال الآزوت الأعلى معنويًا عند معدل التسميد الآزوتي (100 كغ/هكتار) والعوامل السابقة نفسها. أشارت النتائج إلى أهمية ضبط حزمة التقانات الزراعية وفق المعدلات المثلى لتحسين الخصائص الكمية والنوعية لمحصول القمح بنوعيه الطري والقاسي في ظروف شح الموارد المائية.
Critical review
تُعد هذه الدراسة مفيدة للغاية في سياق تحسين كفاءة استعمال الآزوت والخصائص النوعية للقمح في ظروف الزراعة المطرية. ومع ذلك، يمكن توجيه بعض الانتقادات البناءة. أولاً، كان من الممكن توسيع نطاق الدراسة لتشمل مواسم زراعية إضافية للحصول على نتائج أكثر شمولية. ثانيًا، لم يتم التطرق بشكل كافٍ إلى تأثير العوامل البيئية الأخرى مثل التربة ودرجة الحرارة على النتائج. ثالثًا، كان من الممكن تضمين تحليل اقتصادي لتحديد الجدوى الاقتصادية لتطبيق هذه الممارسات الزراعية. على الرغم من هذه النقاط، تظل الدراسة ذات قيمة كبيرة وتقدم إرشادات مهمة للمزارعين والباحثين في مجال الزراعة.
Questions related to the research
  1. ما هي الأهداف الرئيسية لهذه الدراسة؟

    تهدف الدراسة إلى تقييم دور بعض الممارسات الزراعية في تحسين كفاءة استعمال الآزوت والخصائص النوعية لبعض أصناف القمح المزروعة بعلا.

  2. ما هي النتائج الرئيسية التي توصلت إليها الدراسة؟

    أظهرت النتائج أن متوسط دليل المساحة الورقية ومحتوى الحبوب من النشاء والغلة الحبية كانت الأعلى معنويًا خلال الموسم الزراعي الأول لدى صنف القمح الطري دومار عند موعد الزراعة الأول ومعدل التسميد الآزوتي (200 كغ/هكتار) وعند إضافة الأسمدة الآزوتية على دفعتين.

  3. ما هي التوصيات التي قدمتها الدراسة لتحسين كفاءة استعمال الآزوت؟

    أوصت الدراسة بضبط حزمة التقانات الزراعية وفق المعدلات المثلى لتحسين الخصائص الكمية والنوعية لمحصول القمح بنوعيه الطري والقاسي في ظروف شح الموارد المائية.

  4. ما هي الانتقادات التي يمكن توجيهها لهذه الدراسة؟

    يمكن توجيه الانتقادات إلى أن الدراسة لم تشمل مواسم زراعية إضافية للحصول على نتائج أكثر شمولية، ولم تتطرق بشكل كافٍ إلى تأثير العوامل البيئية الأخرى مثل التربة ودرجة الحرارة، ولم تتضمن تحليل اقتصادي لتحديد الجدوى الاقتصادية لتطبيق هذه الممارسات الزراعية.


References used
Alley, M., M. Brann. D. E. Hammons. J. L. Peter Scharf and W. E. Baethgen. 1999. Nitrogen Management for Winter Wheat: Principles and Recommendations. Crop and Soil Environmental Sciences, publication, 424- 026
American Association of Cereal Chemists. 1976. Approved Methods of the American Association of Cereal Chemists, 46 – 12, AACC, St. Paul, Minnesota
Belaid, A. 2000. Durum wheat in WANA production, trade and grains from Technological change. In. Option Mediterranean. pp. 35-54
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A field experiment was conducted during the two consecutive growing seasons (2010/2011 and 2011/2012) at Ezra’ Research Station/Deraa/Syria in order to evaluate the role of some agricultural practices in improving the performance of four wheat vari eties (Acsad1105, Acsad1229, Acsad885 and Acsad901) under rainfed conditions. The experiment was laid according to factorial randomized complete block-split design with three replications. The mean average of early vigor, flag leaf area, peduncle length and leaf area index was significantly higher during the first growing season for the wheat variety (Acsad901) at the first planting date with a nitrogen amount of (150 kgN. Hectar1), and when nitrogen fertilizers were added twice (1.6-2.5, 53.4cm2, 16.3cm, 1.20 respectively). The mean average of the same studied aspects, however, was significantly lower during the second growing season in the case of the variety Acsad855 with regards to the early vigor, as well as in the case of the variety Acsad1129 in the case of the leaf area Flag at a late planting date, and without nitrogen fertilizers (3.6 4.5, 3.3 cm, 0.18, 16.6 cm2 respectively). The mean average of the grain yield was significantly higher during the first growing season for two wheat varieties (Acsad901, Acsad1229) at the first planting date, nitrogen rate 200 kgN. Ha-1, and when nitrogen fertilizers were added twice (660.4, 631.1 g.m-2 respectively), while it was significantly lower during the second growing season for the variety Acsad1105, at a late planting date, and without nitrogen fertilizers (127 g.m-2). Optimizing some important cultural practices helps increasing wheat grain yield by improving morpho-physiological traits related to yield particularly the size of source photo synthise (Leaf Area Index, Flag leaf area). The response of astivum wheat variety was better compared to durum wheat. This shows the importance of improving crop mangment factors in order to reach the maximum potential yield.
Two separate pot experiments were conducted during the agricultural season (2012-2013) and a complete randomization system was used, studying the response of four certified Syrian soft wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum L), namely (Sham 4, Sham 6, Bo houth 4, Bohuth 6) towards nitrogenous additives and the dates of addition different types and evaluate the efficiency of these varieties in benefiting from the added nitrogen fertilizer.
This research was conducted at the farm of Abu-Jarash, Faculty of Agriculture, Damascus University. The aim of this research was to evaluate the performance and productivity of 9 bread wheat (T. .aestivum )and 3 durum wheat T. durum. The experiment was laid out in a Random Complete Block design (RCPD) with three replication.
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