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Register a new userA Study of Hydro-Physical Properties and Characterization of Infiltration into the Surface Layer of Soil at Snoubar Jableh Site–Lattakia
دراســـة الخصائص الهيدروفيزيائيـــــــة و توصيف ارتشاح الماء ضمن الطبقـــة السطحيـــة من التربـــة في موقع صنوبر جبلة الحرجي – اللاذقية
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يوسف العلي( باحث )
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تعد عملية ارتشاح الماء في التربة إحدى أهم العمليات الهيدرولوجية فهي تتيح إمداد التربة و الحوامل المائية الجوفية بالمياه، كما أنها تؤثر في تشكل الجريان السطحي و انجراف التربة. عندما تتماثل الشروط الطبوغرافية و خصائص التربة في موقع ما فإن الخصائص الارتشاحية لتربته تتعلق بنشاط الإنسان و بطبيعة الغطاء النبتي السائد فيه. الغاية من هذه الدراسة تحديد الخصائص الهيدروفيزيائية المؤثرة في الارتشاح ضمن الطبقة السطحية من التربة في موقع صنوبر جبلة المشجر بأنواع حرجية مختلفة، و ذلك بهدف تبيان تأثير الغطاء النبتي و نشاط الإنسان في الخصائص الارتشاحية للتربة. أجريت لهذا الغرض تجارب ارتشاح حقلية باستخدام الحلقة الأُحادية ضمن بقع شجرية من الصنوبريات و عريضات الأوراق في الموقع. أشارت نتائج الدراسة إلى أن تربة الموقع عموماً ذات خصائص ارتشاحية جيدة رغم انخفاض معامل التوصيل الهيدروليكي للتربة المشبعة ضمن بقعة السنديان العادي مقارنة بالبقع المشجرة بالأنواع الأخرى و ذلك بسبب ارتصاص التربة بفعل النشاط البشري ضمن هذه البقعة الواقعة بجوار المزار. كما تبّين أن طبقة المادة العضوية غير المتفككة الناتجة عن الأوراق الإبرية تحت الصنوبريات تحمي التربة من الارتصاص و تحسن من خصائصها الارتشاحية.
The process of water infiltration into soil provides the soil and groundwater with water. It also affects runoff formation and soil loss. When the soil of a site is homogeneous, the infiltration characteristics of its surface layer depend on the vegetation cover and human activity. The purpose of this study is to determine the hydro-physical properties which affect infiltration into the soil surface layer at Snoubar Jableh Plantation Site (Lattakia). This is in order to illustrate the impact of vegetal cover and human activity on infiltration characteristics of soil. For this purpose, 20 field infiltration experiments using a single ring were conducted on patches of coniferous and broad-leaved trees. The results indicate that the soil has good infiltration characteristics, except in the oak plot which showed low Ks in comparison with other species plots due to soil compaction and human activity. The results also indicate that the decomposed organic material layer under conifers protect soil against compacting and improve infiltration characteristics.
References used
BRADFORD, J. M. ; FERRIS, J. E. ; REMLEY, P. A. Interrill soil erosion processes: I. Effect of surface sealing on infiltration, runoff, and splash detachment. Soil Science Society of America Journal, Vol. 51, 1987, 1566–1571
BRAUD, I. ; DE CONDAPPA, D. ; SORIA, J. M. ; HAVERKAMP, R. ; ANGULOJARAMILLO, R. ; GALLE, S. ; VAUCLIN, M. Use of scaled forms of the infiltration equation for the estimation of unsaturated soil hydraulic properties (the Beerkan method). European Journal of Soil Science, Vol. 56 (3), 2005, 361-374
CARTER, M. R. ; STEED, G.R. The effects of direct drilling and stubble retention on hydraulic properties at the surface of duplex soils in northeastern Victoria. Aust. Journal of Soil Res. Vol. 30 (4), 1992. 505–516
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Results showed that: trees number per hectare (N), stand average diameter (db
h) and
height (H), basal area (G), productivity (V) and average annual growth (A.A.G) were: 237
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The study was achieved in 2014-2015 at Dahr Khribat stone pine forest, Latakia. to
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oor with a mild winter
as the average of rainfall thermal coefficient reached (Q2 = 72.01). The study showed that
the low productivity of cones (20 kg con / tree) was one of the limiting factors of natural
regeneration. The trees high density (462 tree / ha), led to a decrease in tree diameter at
breast level (30 cm) and low coronary size (320.2 m3).
Seed germination was not affected by illumination periods, while salinity levels led
to a significant decrease in germination from 90% at control to 19% at 0.5 mol / l.
All of one year old sapling or seedling were dead during summer months, while more
than 90% of two years old cultivated sapling, survived in all treatments, but no significant
differences among them.
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some chemical characteristics of the river's water used for irrigation, chemically compare it
with the Syrian Standards Specifications in terms of salt quantity and qua
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concentrations, water samples were taken from four observation points along the river:
A (domestic), B (industrial), C (mixed) and D (estuary), also Soil samples from the river
edges were also analyzed. The findings revealed that the EC value in B was 0.61 mg/l i.e.
less than those of others, with significant difference 0.72, 0.74, 0.73 mg/l, respectively.
The study also showed a significant increase in B and C concentration by 0.48 and 0.49
mg/l, respectively, compared with A and D by 0.4 mg/l each. A significant increase in Cd
concentration was noticed for B, C and D by 0.73, 0.88 and 0.75 mg/l vs. A 0.67 mg/l.
However, Cd concentration in the river water in all seasons and sites was excessive and
higher than the permissible limit for water discharge into seas estimated at 0.05 mg/l,
whereas the other parameters were lower than the permissible limits according to the
Syrian Standards. The effect of water pollution on soil showed a significant increase in EC
for B by 1.01 dS/m than others. The increase was also more significant in subsurface layer
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demonstrated a significant increase in Cd for C (2.67 mg/kg) than other points. The
increase in Cd concentration was more significant in the surface layer (2.648 mg/kg) than
the subsurface one (2.631 mg/kg), and this concentration was lower than the normal range
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The study was carried out at Soil Research Center in the province of Daraa
during 2011 in order to study some physical and moisture characteristics for
cinnamon soil, which occupies (48000 km²), equivalent to 26% of the area of the
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with a rainfall ranges between 150- 300 mm. The results showed that the
mechanical analysis for soil referred that its texture is clay with a good ability
to retain water, the field capacity rated between (30-38.85)%. The studied soil
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