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Register a new userExtraction of phenolic compounds from leaves of some Syrian olive varieties and study of their influence on microorganisms
استخلاص المركبات الفينولية من أوراق بعض أصناف الزيتون السوري و دراسة تأثيرها في بعض أنواع الجراثيم
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درست الفينولات في أوراق من أصناف الزيتون السوري جمعت من (حرستا و غوطة دمشق، و ريف دمشق، و القلمون). اِستُخلصت المركبات الفينولية من أصناف أوراق الزيتون بعد التخلص من الأصبغة النباتية و المركبات الدسمة، و فصلت الفينولات الكلية بالمذيب (ميتانول – ماء).
Phenols were studied in the leaves of Syrian olive varieties collected from (Harasta and Ghouta, Damascus Countryside and Qalamun). Phenolic compounds were extracted from the olive leaf varieties after disposal of plant pigments and fatty compounds, and total phenols separated with solvent (methanol - water).
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Research summary
تتناول هذه الدراسة استخلاص المركبات الفينولية من أوراق بعض أصناف الزيتون السوري ودراسة تأثيرها على بعض أنواع الجراثيم. تم جمع الأوراق من مناطق مختلفة في سوريا مثل حرستا وغوطة دمشق والقلمون. استخدمت طرق استخلاص متعددة لفصل المركبات الفينولية باستخدام مزيج من الميثانول والماء. أظهرت نتائج التحليل باستخدام كروماتوغرافيا الطبقة الرقيقة وكروماتوغرافيا السائلة عالية الأداء (HPLC) وجود مركبات مثل حمض الغاليك، حمض الكافئيك، حمض الفانيليك، حمض بارا هيدروكسي بنزويك، وحمض السيرنجيك. بينت الدراسة أن مستخلص الفينولات من أوراق الزيتون كان له تأثير أكبر على الجراثيم إيجابية الغرام مثل Staphylococcus aureus وأقل تأثيراً على الجراثيم سلبية الغرام مثل Salmonella typhimurium. توصي الدراسة باستخدام أوراق الزيتون في العلاج الطبي نظراً لخصائصها الطبية المهمة.
Critical review
دراسة نقدية: تعتبر هذه الدراسة مهمة في مجال البحث عن المركبات الطبيعية ذات الفعالية الطبية، ولكن هناك بعض النقاط التي يمكن تحسينها. أولاً، كان من الأفضل توسيع نطاق العينات لتشمل مناطق أخرى من سوريا وربما دول أخرى للحصول على نتائج أكثر شمولية. ثانياً، لم يتم التطرق بشكل كافٍ إلى الآلية التي تعمل بها هذه المركبات الفينولية على الجراثيم، مما يترك فجوة في الفهم العلمي. ثالثاً، كان من الممكن تحسين توثيق الطرق المستخدمة في الاستخلاص والتحليل لتسهيل إعادة التجربة من قبل باحثين آخرين. وأخيراً، لم يتم مناقشة الآثار الجانبية المحتملة لاستخدام هذه المركبات في العلاج البشري، وهو جانب مهم يجب أخذه في الاعتبار.
Questions related to the research
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ما هي المركبات الفينولية التي تم اكتشافها في أوراق الزيتون في هذه الدراسة؟
تم اكتشاف حمض الغاليك، حمض الكافئيك، حمض الفانيليك، حمض بارا هيدروكسي بنزويك، وحمض السيرنجيك في أوراق الزيتون.
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ما هو تأثير مستخلص الفينولات من أوراق الزيتون على الجراثيم؟
كان لمستخلص الفينولات تأثير أكبر على الجراثيم إيجابية الغرام مثل Staphylococcus aureus وأقل تأثيراً على الجراثيم سلبية الغرام مثل Salmonella typhimurium.
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ما هي الطرق المستخدمة في استخلاص المركبات الفينولية من أوراق الزيتون؟
استخدمت طرق استخلاص متعددة تشمل التخلص من الأصباغ النباتية والمركبات الدسمة، وفصل الفينولات باستخدام مزيج من الميثانول والماء.
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ما هي التوصيات التي قدمتها الدراسة بشأن استخدام أوراق الزيتون؟
أوصت الدراسة باستخدام أوراق الزيتون في العلاج الطبي نظراً لخصائصها الطبية المهمة، واقترحت استخدامها في شكل كبسولات تحت إشراف وزارة الصحة.
References used
Aliabadi, M. Darsanaki, R, Rokhi, M. Nourbakhsh, M. Raeisi, G. 2012. Antimicrobial activity of olive leaf aqueous extract Scholars Research Library Annals of Biological Research, 3 (8):4189-4191
Altıok E, Baycin D, Bayraktar O, Ulku S. 2008. Isolation of polyphenols from the extracts of olive leaves (Olea europaea L.) by adsorption on silk fibroin. Separation and Purification Technology. 62(2): 342-348
Appendini P, Hotchkiss JH. 2002. Review of antimicrobial food packaging. Innovative Food Science and Emerging Technologies; 3(2): 113-126
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The effect of phenolic compounds were extracted from leaves of Dan
and Toufahi sorts of Syrian olives, spread particularly in Damascus
country, studied on the activity of Guaiacol peroxidise in the celles of
Kolioptyl Zea myse L. Solutions of thre
e different concentrations of
phenolic extracts are used in the work : 25% , 50% and 100%.
The optimal conditions for the extraction of polyphenolic compounds from hard
Syrian wheatvarieties (Hourani, Doma1,Bohoos11) were determined using response
surface methodology. A Central Composite Design was used to investigate the effects of
thr
ee independent variables, namely solvent concentration, extraction temperature and
time on the response phenolic content. The independent variables were at three levels and
their actual values selected on the basis of preliminary experimental results. A secondorder
polynomial model was used for predicting the response.
Regression analysis showed that more than 95-97% of the variation was explained by
the models. The optimal conditions for phenolic compounds extraction were found to be
acetone concentration of 49.5 %v/v, extraction temperature of 55.5°C, extraction time of
42.5min, for wheat. Under the optimum conditions the corresponding predicted response
values for polyphenolic compounds were 0.976 mg EGA forHourani, 0.947 mg EGA
forDoma1 and 1.316 mg EGA for Bohoos11. The phenlics were extracted under optimum
conditions to check the validity of model, and the experimental values were 0.969±0.05
,0.932±0.03 and 1.214±0.06 mggalic acid equivalent /g dry weight from wheatvarieties
(Hourani, Doma1,Bohoos11) respectively. The good agreement between predicted and
,experimental values indicated suitability of the model employed and the success of
response surface methodology in optimizing the extraction conditions.
Total Polyphenol was studied in olive leaves collected from Lattakia area
(AlQurdaha zone), where Phenolic compounds were extracted from dry Olive leaves by
using two extraction methods: maceration and Ultrasonic Device. By the both two methods
a
study was carried out on the extraction solvent concentration effect where the extraction
was done by using the mixture of Ethanol-Water with different percentages (60,70,80
%). As well, The extraction temperature effect was studied at the both methods at (20,30,
40°C); in addition to the study of the extraction time effect.
At the method of Maceration Extraction, the total polyphenols amount was studied in
dry olive leaves after extraction during different times (24,48,72 h). While at the Ultrasonic
Extraction the times were (10,20,30 min).
The study showed that the highest amount of phenolic compounds were existed in
dry olive leaves which were extracted by Ultrasonic Waves with the concentration of the
solvent ethanol-water 80%, temperature of 40°C, and with an extraction time of 20min.
The phenolic compounds were extracted from leaves and flowers of Hops and grape
seeds from local production by soaking with different solvents (Methanol-ethanol-alcohol
and water mixture) . The polyphenols content in the methanol extracts for 100 g
dry matter
was 6.31 g for the grape seeds, 2.08 g for Hops leaves and 0.6 g for Hops flowers.
Methanol extracts were characterized by an antioxidant activity that appeared by their
ability to Reduce ions ferriques Fe+3, at a concentration of 2500 ppm, the Reducing Power
was 96.45% , 67.56% for the grape seeds and Hops leaves, respectively. The methanolic
extracts of grape seeds and Hops leaves at 80 ppm showed activity in scavenge free radical
DPPH. was 82.04% and 40.92% respectively. The methanolic extracts of grape seeds and
Hops leaves at 250 ppm gave the ability to protect linoleic acid from the oxidation process
of 78.98% and 48.41%, respectively. The antioxidant activity values of the extracts were
compared with standard samples of ascorbic acid and BHT.
The aim of this study was to estimate the total amount of phenolic compounds of olive
trees leaves (Olea europaea L.) as Biomarker for the assessment of lead air pollution at
Banias area. Olive trees were selected as the predominant species in the
study area. The
samples were collected from 6 locations at different distances from the vicinity of the
Banias refinery (0.1, 0.5, 2, 4, 6, 10) Km. The dominated wind in the region is western -
southwesterly during the winter (March) and summer (September), The control was taken
from an area about 20 km from the refinery to the north-east (al-Qardahah rural).
The concentration of total phenolic compounds (TPC) during the summer was (45.6-70.85)
mg GAE/g dw and in the control (40.4) mg GAE/g dw, and during the winter the content
of TPC was (35.6-52.9) mg GAE/g dw and in the control (25.8) mg GAE/g dw. The
concentration of Lead (Pb) in unwashed leaves during the summer was (0.879 – 2.170)
ppm and in the control (0.005) ppm, whilst during the winter was (0.479-1.023) ppm and
in the control (0.00083) ppm. The results showed significant differences in the
concentration of total phenolic compounds and lead between sites (Anova test). High
concentration of total phenols and lead in the summer compared to values in winter at all
sites (t-test). The results also showed a negative correlation between the concentration of
total phenolic compounds and lead with the distance from the refinery of Banias. Finally,
The results showed that the TPC can be used as biomarker of lead air pollution in Banias
area.
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