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Extraction of phenolic compounds from leaves of some Syrian olive varieties and study of their influence on microorganisms

استخلاص المركبات الفينولية من أوراق بعض أصناف الزيتون السوري و دراسة تأثيرها في بعض أنواع الجراثيم

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 Publication date 2013
and research's language is العربية
 Created by Shamra Editor




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Phenols were studied in the leaves of Syrian olive varieties collected from (Harasta and Ghouta, Damascus Countryside and Qalamun). Phenolic compounds were extracted from the olive leaf varieties after disposal of plant pigments and fatty compounds, and total phenols separated with solvent (methanol - water).


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Research summary
تتناول هذه الدراسة استخلاص المركبات الفينولية من أوراق بعض أصناف الزيتون السوري ودراسة تأثيرها على بعض أنواع الجراثيم. تم جمع الأوراق من مناطق مختلفة في سوريا مثل حرستا وغوطة دمشق والقلمون. استخدمت طرق استخلاص متعددة لفصل المركبات الفينولية باستخدام مزيج من الميثانول والماء. أظهرت نتائج التحليل باستخدام كروماتوغرافيا الطبقة الرقيقة وكروماتوغرافيا السائلة عالية الأداء (HPLC) وجود مركبات مثل حمض الغاليك، حمض الكافئيك، حمض الفانيليك، حمض بارا هيدروكسي بنزويك، وحمض السيرنجيك. بينت الدراسة أن مستخلص الفينولات من أوراق الزيتون كان له تأثير أكبر على الجراثيم إيجابية الغرام مثل Staphylococcus aureus وأقل تأثيراً على الجراثيم سلبية الغرام مثل Salmonella typhimurium. توصي الدراسة باستخدام أوراق الزيتون في العلاج الطبي نظراً لخصائصها الطبية المهمة.
Critical review
دراسة نقدية: تعتبر هذه الدراسة مهمة في مجال البحث عن المركبات الطبيعية ذات الفعالية الطبية، ولكن هناك بعض النقاط التي يمكن تحسينها. أولاً، كان من الأفضل توسيع نطاق العينات لتشمل مناطق أخرى من سوريا وربما دول أخرى للحصول على نتائج أكثر شمولية. ثانياً، لم يتم التطرق بشكل كافٍ إلى الآلية التي تعمل بها هذه المركبات الفينولية على الجراثيم، مما يترك فجوة في الفهم العلمي. ثالثاً، كان من الممكن تحسين توثيق الطرق المستخدمة في الاستخلاص والتحليل لتسهيل إعادة التجربة من قبل باحثين آخرين. وأخيراً، لم يتم مناقشة الآثار الجانبية المحتملة لاستخدام هذه المركبات في العلاج البشري، وهو جانب مهم يجب أخذه في الاعتبار.
Questions related to the research
  1. ما هي المركبات الفينولية التي تم اكتشافها في أوراق الزيتون في هذه الدراسة؟

    تم اكتشاف حمض الغاليك، حمض الكافئيك، حمض الفانيليك، حمض بارا هيدروكسي بنزويك، وحمض السيرنجيك في أوراق الزيتون.

  2. ما هو تأثير مستخلص الفينولات من أوراق الزيتون على الجراثيم؟

    كان لمستخلص الفينولات تأثير أكبر على الجراثيم إيجابية الغرام مثل Staphylococcus aureus وأقل تأثيراً على الجراثيم سلبية الغرام مثل Salmonella typhimurium.

  3. ما هي الطرق المستخدمة في استخلاص المركبات الفينولية من أوراق الزيتون؟

    استخدمت طرق استخلاص متعددة تشمل التخلص من الأصباغ النباتية والمركبات الدسمة، وفصل الفينولات باستخدام مزيج من الميثانول والماء.

  4. ما هي التوصيات التي قدمتها الدراسة بشأن استخدام أوراق الزيتون؟

    أوصت الدراسة باستخدام أوراق الزيتون في العلاج الطبي نظراً لخصائصها الطبية المهمة، واقترحت استخدامها في شكل كبسولات تحت إشراف وزارة الصحة.


References used
Aliabadi, M. Darsanaki, R, Rokhi, M. Nourbakhsh, M. Raeisi, G. 2012. Antimicrobial activity of olive leaf aqueous extract Scholars Research Library Annals of Biological Research, 3 (8):4189-4191
Altıok E, Baycin D, Bayraktar O, Ulku S. 2008. Isolation of polyphenols from the extracts of olive leaves (Olea europaea L.) by adsorption on silk fibroin. Separation and Purification Technology. 62(2): 342-348
Appendini P, Hotchkiss JH. 2002. Review of antimicrobial food packaging. Innovative Food Science and Emerging Technologies; 3(2): 113-126
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The optimal conditions for the extraction of polyphenolic compounds from hard Syrian wheatvarieties (Hourani, Doma1,Bohoos11) were determined using response surface methodology. A Central Composite Design was used to investigate the effects of thr ee independent variables, namely solvent concentration, extraction temperature and time on the response phenolic content. The independent variables were at three levels and their actual values selected on the basis of preliminary experimental results. A secondorder polynomial model was used for predicting the response. Regression analysis showed that more than 95-97% of the variation was explained by the models. The optimal conditions for phenolic compounds extraction were found to be acetone concentration of 49.5 %v/v, extraction temperature of 55.5°C, extraction time of 42.5min, for wheat. Under the optimum conditions the corresponding predicted response values for polyphenolic compounds were 0.976 mg EGA forHourani, 0.947 mg EGA forDoma1 and 1.316 mg EGA for Bohoos11. The phenlics were extracted under optimum conditions to check the validity of model, and the experimental values were 0.969±0.05 ,0.932±0.03 and 1.214±0.06 mggalic acid equivalent /g dry weight from wheatvarieties (Hourani, Doma1,Bohoos11) respectively. The good agreement between predicted and ,experimental values indicated suitability of the model employed and the success of response surface methodology in optimizing the extraction conditions.
Total Polyphenol was studied in olive leaves collected from Lattakia area (AlQurdaha zone), where Phenolic compounds were extracted from dry Olive leaves by using two extraction methods: maceration and Ultrasonic Device. By the both two methods a study was carried out on the extraction solvent concentration effect where the extraction was done by using the mixture of Ethanol-Water with different percentages (60,70,80 %). As well, The extraction temperature effect was studied at the both methods at (20,30, 40°C); in addition to the study of the extraction time effect. At the method of Maceration Extraction, the total polyphenols amount was studied in dry olive leaves after extraction during different times (24,48,72 h). While at the Ultrasonic Extraction the times were (10,20,30 min). The study showed that the highest amount of phenolic compounds were existed in dry olive leaves which were extracted by Ultrasonic Waves with the concentration of the solvent ethanol-water 80%, temperature of 40°C, and with an extraction time of 20min.
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