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Reasons of Cracks in Reinforced Concrete Structures, Methods of Repair

أسباب التشققـات في المنشـآت الخرسانية المسلحة و بعض طرق المعالجــــة

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 Publication date 2015
and research's language is العربية
 Created by Shamra Editor




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If it is not cracked then it is not working. This statement is the actual result of difference between tension strength of concrete and tension strength of steel in concrete structures elements that are economically designed. In spite of that, engineers rarely use this statement to explain cracks in buildings, but sometimes they use it to calm down the owner of some cracked building. That's why we should define acceptable cracks and their degrees. Cracks in concrete and reinforced concrete structures are a bad sign, although some of these cracks have no negative effect on the utilization of the structure. Reasons of cracks are various and different, some of them might occur in different types of cracking while others may lead to a single type of crack. Cracks formation in concrete varies due to the different factors causing them, which also may be structural or related to the utilization of building. It is not easy to put a useful list for probable reasons of cracking as cracks have many shapes and any one of them might increase the danger of another one or even exceeds it. To explain the relationship between these types, we proposed the cracking tree, which may help the designer to take into consideration the probable reasons for cracking. The main specification of cracks is that its three nodes define the three periods in the life of a structure: design, construction and service. These are also divided into lists including reasons causing cracking and their effects on each other. Cracking tree branches into tension roots, taking into consideration that the first branches determine the physical properties of cracks (width, depth, length,…). Then these branches take their way throughout the three phases,(restriction of movement is the most important branch). When these branches stop growing, they can tell the severity of cracking, in respect to durability and beauty. This definitely still needs accurate study and repair. This research aims to study the direct reasons of cracking, factors that increase cracks, and types of cracking growing in structural members (Columns, Beams, Plates,..). Add to that the procedures needed to prevent or stop cracks growing. We also offer an attempt to point the best methods and materials to be used for restoration.


Artificial intelligence review:
Research summary
تناقش الورقة البحثية للدكتور عصام ملحم أسباب التشققات في المنشآت الخرسانية المسلحة وطرق معالجتها. تبدأ الورقة بتوضيح أن التشققات في الخرسانة هي نتيجة حتمية لاختلاف مقاومة الشد بين الخرسانة والفولاذ في المنشآت المصممة بشكل اقتصادي. على الرغم من أن بعض التشققات لا تؤثر سلباً على أداء المنشأة، إلا أن ظهورها يعتبر علامة غير مرغوبة. تتنوع أسباب التشققات بين إنشائية واستثمارية، وتختلف أنماطها باختلاف العوامل المؤدية إليها. تقترح الورقة استخدام شجرة التشقق لتوضيح العلاقة بين الأسباب المختلفة للتشققات ومراحل حياة المنشأة: التصميم، الإنشاء، والخدمة. تهدف الدراسة إلى تسليط الضوء على أسباب التشققات والعوامل التي تزيد من انتشارها، بالإضافة إلى الإجراءات المتخذة لمنع أو تقليل ظهورها. كما تتناول الورقة أحدث الطرق وأفضل المواد المستخدمة في ترميم التشققات. تشمل الورقة أيضاً تصنيفاً لأنواع التشققات، سواء كانت إنشائية أو غير إنشائية، وتقدم جداول ورسوم توضيحية لتوضيح هذه الأنواع وأسبابها. تتناول الورقة أيضاً طرق مراقبة التشققات وتحديد ما إذا كانت نشطة أو ساكنة، وتقدم طرقاً مختلفة للترميم، بما في ذلك استخدام المواد البوليمرية والإيبوكسي. تختتم الورقة بتقديم توصيات للحد من ظهور التشققات وضمان سلامة المنشآت الخرسانية.
Critical review
دراسة نقدية: تقدم الورقة البحثية للدكتور عصام ملحم تحليلاً شاملاً لأسباب التشققات في المنشآت الخرسانية المسلحة وطرق معالجتها. ومع ذلك، يمكن الإشارة إلى بعض النقاط التي قد تحتاج إلى تحسين. أولاً، قد يكون من المفيد تضمين دراسات حالة واقعية لتوضيح تطبيقات الحلول المقترحة بشكل عملي. ثانياً، يمكن تعزيز الورقة بإضافة المزيد من التفاصيل حول تكلفة وفعالية كل طريقة من طرق الترميم المقترحة. ثالثاً، قد يكون من المفيد تقديم مقارنة بين المواد المختلفة المستخدمة في الترميم من حيث المتانة والتكلفة وسهولة التطبيق. وأخيراً، يمكن أن تكون الورقة أكثر شمولية إذا تضمنت تحليلاً للتأثير البيئي للمواد المستخدمة في الترميم.
Questions related to the research
  1. ما هي الأسباب الرئيسية للتشققات في المنشآت الخرسانية المسلحة؟

    تتنوع الأسباب بين إنشائية واستثمارية، وتشمل عوامل مثل التقلص اللدن، التغيرات الحرارية، تآكل فولاذ التسليح، والأخطاء في التصميم والتنفيذ.

  2. ما هي شجرة التشقق وكيف يمكن استخدامها؟

    شجرة التشقق هي أداة توضيحية تقترحها الورقة لتوضيح العلاقة بين الأسباب المختلفة للتشققات ومراحل حياة المنشأة. يمكن استخدامها لمساعدة المصمم في تحديد الأسباب المحتملة للتشققات.

  3. ما هي الطرق المقترحة لمراقبة التشققات؟

    تشمل الطرق المقترحة مراقبة عرض وعمق التشققات باستخدام أدوات بصرية أو أجهزة قياس، ووضع علامات على نهايات التشققات لمتابعة تمددها بمرور الوقت.

  4. ما هي المواد المستخدمة في ترميم التشققات وكيف يتم اختيارها؟

    تشمل المواد المستخدمة البوليمرات العضوية مثل الإيبوكسي والإسمنت البورتلاندي. يتم اختيار المواد بناءً على نوع التشقق وعمقه ومدى تأثيره على سلامة المنشأة.


References used
Jour. Concrete International .Crack Repair An Engineerُ s Perspectives . June 1991.P47-49
The Repair of concrete Structure .R.T.Allen. London; 1983
Causes,Evaluation and Repair of Cracks in concrete Structures.Reported ACI Committee 224
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