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Register a new userالدفاع الشرعي الوقائي و مدى مشروعيته في العلاقات الدولية
2018
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Aِl-Baath University ورقة بحثية
Publication date
2014
fields
Economy
and research's language is
العربية
Created by
Shamra Editor
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يعتبر الدفاع الشرعي الوقائي من المسائل المستحدثة في العلاقات الدولية، و هو يشكل تفسيرا موسعاً لفكرة الدفاع عن النفس المنصوص عليها في المادة / 51 / من ميثاق الأمم المتحدة، و تم طرحه من قبل الإدارة الأمريكية تحت مسمى" الحرب الاستباقية على الإرهاب"، و قد دار حوله جدل و نقاش كبيران في الفقه الدولي، و تحديداً مدى اعتبار التطور التقني و لا سيما في المجالات العسكرية مبررا كافياً لممارسة حق الدفاع الشرعي الوقائي فهل يعد الدفاع الشرعي الوقائي تطبيقاً لحق الدفاع عن النفس الذي أيدته قواعد الشرعية الدولية، أم أنه تفسير موسع لفكرة الدفاع عن النفس غير مبرر في العلاقات الدولية؟
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References used
D.W. Bowett, self- Defence in International law Manchester University Press ; New York: Prayer, [1958], pp. 182- 199
Bowett, self – Defence in International Law, pp. 182 – 199, and Michael j. Levitin, " the Law of Force and the Law: Grenada, The Falklands and Humanitarian Intervention, " Harvard Interventional Law journal , vol . 27, no . 2 (1986), pp. 627– 633
Brownlie, International Law and the Use of Force by states, (1963), p.270, or (1968), p. 28, and Hans Kelsen, collective security Under International Law, international Law studies, 49 (Washington, { DC} : U.S.G.P.O, 1957) ,P.27
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The events, the developments and the international changes are based on the tracks that always deviate as the result of wills struggle between the forces and states. In the sense that the political crises that countries face means a set of interactio
ns among the forces that have conflict which may reach to a confrontation. So we must be aware of the political and economic changes, according to the scientific methods to understand what threatens the interests of the states. Many of the sequential crises throughout history are resulted from the use of the power which is based on the object of the available resources. Therefore, the power is the practical exercise and the political investment abroad and that happens through diplomacy or war so that the state can determine its objectives, and decide what to choose among those of power tools.
The forces and the states have seek to own the overall power in order to be the motivator of the political units within the framework of the international community. There are countries which benefit from the wars set in their agendas in advance to achieve the aims of their policy. War is still an essential tool for states, governments and groups to achieve their interests through direct conflict, or through the threat of sanctions, or through aids, including the so-called soft power, and sometimes through the form of international legitimacy, including the emergence of the term "fighting terrorism" and what accompanied it of global changes led to politically, militarily, economically and technologically submission to the powerful nations.
The last few decades have witnessed a substantial development in the study of
International Relations. Many new theories and approaches have become part of the
current debate within international relations. One of these new approaches is
Construct
ivism which many scholars believe constitutes a bridge between the
positivist theories and the post-positivist theories. This study seeks to examine the
basic assumptions of Constructivism and its contribution to the study of
international relations
The last few decades witnessed the rise of new approaches or frameworks in the
study of International relations. These new approaches are called post positivism.
Most of these approaches share a common view regarding the positivist theories
which
dominated international relations and political science for more than sixty
years. The new directions criticize the methodology and the epistemological and
ontological assumptions of positivism. In this paper we try to evaluate the
contribution of the positivist theories in international relations and the arguments of
the new approaches, mainly Critical theory, post-modernism and social
constructivism.
This research paper offers an analysis of the Syrian Crisis in light of
the Realist Theory of International Relations. It argues that Realism
can provide a better explanation for the conduct of regional and
international powers that intervene in t
he Syrian Crisis. As a
preliminary, the paper will provide a historical overview of partition
of Greater Syria since the beginning of the twentieth century to the
establishment of the present-day Syrian state. This places the Syrian
crisis within a historical context that the researcher believes is
important for a deeper understanding of regional and international
policies towards the Syrian Crisis.
تهدف هذه الدراسة لتكون مدخلا تأصيليًا للدراسة المقارنة بين الفقه و القانون، مبنيًا على محاولة
لبناء النظام القانوني على أساس من النظرة التي تدرس علاقة المكونات الثلاثة: العقل و الحس
و الخبر، و تحلل المفاهيم الفقهية و القانونية بناء على تلك المعطيات
لتصل إلى القواعد العملية
التي يمكن بناء الفقه أو القانون عليها. و حسبي في هذه المقالة أني تعرضت لتعريف الحكم
الشرعي و القاعدة القانونية، و استعرضت الخصائص العامة لهما، ثم بينت فكرة الإلزام و ما يتعلق
بها، و أخيرًا استعرضت بالدراسة ذلك النوع من الحكم المسمى بالحكم الوضعي الذي لم ينل
الاهتمام الكافي من النقاش.
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