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Register a new userStudying the optimum conditions to use Sourdough in the production of Arabic bread
دراسة الشروط المثلى لاستخدام العجينة الحامضية في إنتاج الخبز العربي
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محمود الحداد( باحث )
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اعتمد الإنسان منذ القدم على إنتاج الخبز باستخدام كتلة من العجين متروكة منذ أيام و منتفخة نتيجة لوصول الأحياء الدقيقة إليها من الهواء. منذ زمن ليس ببعيد تم إنتاج الخميرة Saccharomyces cerevisiae و استخدامها في تحضير العجين بمختلف أنواعها الطازجة و الجافة و السائلة. إن ارتفاع تكلفة الخميرة و قلتها في حالات الطوارئ و الكوارث و صعوبة إيصالها إلى الأماكن البعيدة , جعل من المفيد التفكير بدراسة إنتاج عجينة خميرية حامضية كبديل للخميرة الطرية بالكامل أو تخفيض كميتها إلى حدود كبيرة. تم إنتاج خميرة حامضية سائلة برطوبة 75% و عادية الكثافة برطوبة 55% وعالية الكثافة برطوبة 47%, و التي تم تحديد قوة التخمر و قوة النهوض لنسب مختلفة منها تراوحت من 3% و حتى 15% . سمحت النتائج بتحضير العجين من العجينة الحامضية من 3% و 5% و 7% و 9% و 11% , حيث أعطت عجين مختمر حاوي على نواتج استقلابية ضمنت نوعية خبز عربي ذو مواصفات مقاربة لمواصفات الخبز المنتج باستخدام الخميرة الطرية بنسبة 2% .
Humans started to produce the bread for Thousands years ago; they used to prepare the dough by using fermented dough which left for many days before used, so that this fermented dough has been prepared from dough fermented by aerobic microorganisms which can attack the milling wheat. Recently the Bekar’s yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae produced in variable type's liquid, dry and soft which used in preparation of dough. The high cost of yeast production and limited quantity in the emergency and catastrophe conditions and difficulties in delivery to far away places lead to study the production of fermented sourdough instead of soft yeast completely or reduce its quantity relatively. Many kinds of fermented sourdough have been produced; liquid with moisture content 75%, normal density with moisture content 55% and high density with moisture content 47%, the fermentation's force and rise's force for their different value have been determined which ranged from 3% to 15%. The results investigated that production of dough from fermented sourdough 3%, 5%, 7%, 9% and 11% produced fermented dough with metabolic productions, which produced Arabic bread without significant changes in characteristics compared to the bread which produced by using 2% soft yeast.
References used
ANONYMOUS, 2000 - AACC standards appoved methods of the America of Cereal Chemistry8 .th ed ,St Paul, Minnesota, USA
ANONYMOUS, 2003, International Association of cereal chemists, I CG standards , USA
المواصفات القياسية السورية رقم 830 لعام 1990-هيئة المواصفات و المقاييس العربية السورية .
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