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Register a new userPower Production from a Moderate Temperature Geothermal Resources in Syria
إنتاج الطاقة بدرجات حرارة متوسطة من مصادر جيوحرارية في سورية
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بسام بدران( باحث )
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الهدف الأساسي من هذا البحث هو تقدير الطاقة الكهربائية الكامنة التي يمكن استخراجها من الآبار النفطية المغلقة في الحقول الشمالية الشرقية في سورية. أظهر البحث أن استخدام دورة رانكين (ORC) العضوية ذات الوسيط العضوي إيزوبوتان تعطي طاقة صافية . تستخدم الدورة الجيوحرارية محلولا ملحيا Brine لامتصاص الحرارة الجوفية من باطن الأرض .
The main objective of this research is to estimate the potential electrical power that can be extracted from closed and out-of-service oil wells situated in the north-eastern part of Syria. The research shows that using Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) with Isobutane as working fluid can produce net power output under certain conditions. The geothermal cycle used brine solution to absorb the ground heat.
References used
Clini, C., Musu, I., Gullino, M. L., 2008, “Sustainable Development and Environmental Management: Experiences and Case Studies” Springer book, ISBN 978-1-4020-6597-2, Page 207
Energy and Geosciences Institute, University of Utah, prepared by the U.S. Geothermal Industry for the Renewable Energy Task Force, 1997, “Briefing on Geothermal Energy,”Washington, DC
United Nation World Energy Assessment – UNWEA
Bertani, R, 2009, “Geothermal Energy: An Overview on Resources and Potential,” Proceedings of the International Conference on NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT OF GEOTHERMAL ENERGY, USA
Duffield, W. A., and Sass, J. H., 2003, “Geothermal Energy Clean Power from the Earth’s Heat” USGSX, Circular 1249
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Obtaind results, by studing ١٢٥ samples from ١٠ deep wells covering the
different Triassic formations in NE-Syria,show the existence of various
inclusion types. Aqueous, carbon and hydrocarbon-bearing. Aqueous inclusions
vary widely in their general and physico–chemical features, form, melting and
homogenization temperature, and density of the enclosed fluid.
The integration of various renewable energy sources as well as the liberalization of
electricity markets are established facts in modern electrical power systems. The increased
share of renewable sources within power systems intensifies the supply
variability and
intermittency. Therefore, energy storage is deemed as one of the solutions for stabilizing
the supply of electricity to maintain generation-demand balance and to guarantee
uninterrupted supply of energy to users. In the context of sustainable development and
energy resources depletion, the question of the growth of renewable energy electricity
production is highly linked to the ability to propose new and adapted energy storage
solutions. Recent advancements in hydrogen technologies and renewable energy
applications show promise for economical near to conversion to a hydrogen-based
economy. As the use of hydrogen for the electric utility and transportation sectors. This
paper briefly discusses provides a historical perspective for hydrogen production and the
role of hydrogen as an energy carrier, discusses hydrogen economy, the process of
electrolysis for hydrogen production (especially from solar and wind technologies).
A comprehensive techno/socio/economic study of long term hydrogen based
storage systems in electrical networks is addressed. the excess produced hydrogen during
high generation periods or low demand can be sold either directly to the grid owners or as
filled hydrogen bottles. The affordable use of Hydrogen-based technologies for long term
electricity storage is verified. The results indicate that ample resources exist to produce
Hydrogen from wind and solar power. However, hydrogen prices are highly dependent on
electricity prices.
This study is concerned with the variations in annual and seasonal surface
air temperature in Syria, depending on the data from 12 different
meteorological stations in Syria.
The analysis of surface temperature trends was performed using Least
sq
uares (linear regression) and Moving- averaging filters according to
Gaussian low- pass filter.
Fast Fourier Transformation was used for the analysis of periodicity for the
annual mean surface temperature.
The results of linear regression showed that the general trend of annual and
seasonal temperature in all stations was positive except Latakya.
The results of annual and seasonal temperature, fluctuations revealed the
existence of important warming period in all stations starting from 1993-1994
for the average of annual and winter temperature while summer, autumn and
spring temperatures averages were above the mean during the study period.
Periodicities analysis showed that the surface air temperature seems to be
affected by solar cycle and quasi- biennial oscillation as well as the El-nino
southern oscillation.
The main objective of this study was to describe economic and econometric
analysis of cost functions of rain-feed barley production in the northern region
from Syria and determine the economically efficient size and the profitmaximizing
size, Prim
ary data collected in (2010) through research interviews
with farmers were used. Farms in the rainfed areas in. the northern region
were divided according to stabilization zones (1, 2, 3 and 4), Through the
descriptive economic analysis of costs of production of Farms in the rainfed
areas in the northern region were divided according to stabilization zones (1, 2,
3 and 4), Through the descriptive economic analysis of costs of production of
Barley, it was shown that the highest average cost of production of one dunum
in the northern region was 1859.3 sp. in zone (1) and the lowest average cost of
production of one dunum was 1694.5 sp. in zone (4), From the analysis of costs
and returns, the results indicated that the highest net return (profit) in the
northern region was 650.43 sp./dunum in zone (1), and the lowest net return
(profit) was 395.2 sp./dunum. in zone (3) Also, the results of the descriptive
economic analysis indicated that the lowest average cost of production of 1 kg
of barley was 8.3 sp. in zone (1 and 2), and the highest average cost of
production of 1 kg of oil was 9.3 sp. in zone (4), Using the econometric models
of cost functions, the economically efficient size and the profit-maximizing size
were computed and determined for each zone, indicating that farmers'
practices were too far from these sizes based on the econometric analysis;
namely the economically efficient size and the profit-maximizing size. Also the
results indicated that the economically efficient acreage size was 35.8 dunum in
zone (4), which was less than the actual area of this region.
The researcher addressed the concept of unconventional oil, and
factors affecting its production policy in a worldwide scale, then
diagnosed the reality of oil production in Syria and the most
important techniques used in the Syrian oil fields. Fi
nally, the
researcher determine the most important investment requirements
for oil exploitation, and the potential returns of investing
unconventional oil fields in Syria.
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