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Register a new userUsing GIS& Fuzzy AHP for Selecting the Suitable Sites for Wastewater Treatment Plants in the City of Tartous
استخدام نظام المعلومات الجغرافية GIS وطريقة التدرج التحليلي الضبابيةFAHP من أجل اختيار المواقع المناسبة لإقامة محطات معالجة مياه الصرف الصحي في مدينة طرطوس
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يعتبر اختيار الموقع الأفضل من العمليات المعقدة التي تواجه صناع القرار, وتتجلى هذه المشكلة في سوريا عامة وفي محافظة طرطوس خاصة في عملية اختيار أفضل المواقع من أجل إنشاء محطات معالجة مياه الصرف الصحي, حيث تتداخل مجموعة كبيرة من المعايير في عملية اختيار الموقع كما أن أراء الخبراء في هذا المجال تحمل مجالاً واسعاً من الشك والضبابية, وللتغلب على هذه المشكلة يقوم البحث على تصميم موديل model يتضمن الدمج بين طريقة التدرج التحليلية الضبابية FAHP كوسيلة لصناعة القرار متعدد المعايير وللتعامل مع حالة الشك , وبرنامج نظام المعلومات الجغرافية GIS من أجل تحديد المواقع المناسبة لإقامة محطات معالجة مياه الصرف الصحي . في هذا البحث تم تطوير فكرة FAHP من أجل الحصول على أوزان المعايير, وتم استخدام برنامجGIS من أجل مقاطعة وتوليد خرائط المعايير وإنتاج الخرائط المناسبة. انتهت الدراسة بالحصول على خارطة تضم المواقع المناسبة لإقامة محطات معالجة مياه الصرف الصحي بطريقة التهوية المطولة في منطقة طرطوس في سوريا
Determining the best location is a complex process that faces decision makers. In the City of Tartous, Syria, this problem springs while selecting the best location for wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) because of the large number of criteria and constrains and the uncertainty in expert's judgments. To solve this problem, we designed a frame work containing multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) technique that is fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP) to handle the uncertainty situations and geographical information system (GIS) to determine the best location. In this paper, the FAHP idea was developed to calculate weights of the criterias, the GIS was used to overlay and generate criteria and suitability maps. The study ends with a map of the best sites for constructing wastewater treatment plants by extended aeration method in Tartous region in Syria.
Artificial intelligence review:
Research summary
تتناول هذه الدراسة استخدام نظام المعلومات الجغرافية (GIS) وطريقة التدرج التحليلي الضبابية (FAHP) لاختيار المواقع المناسبة لإقامة محطات معالجة مياه الصرف الصحي في مدينة طرطوس، سوريا. تُعتبر عملية اختيار الموقع الأفضل من العمليات المعقدة التي تواجه صناع القرار بسبب تعدد المعايير والتداخلات والشكوك في تقييمات الخبراء. لذلك، تم تصميم نموذج يجمع بين FAHP للتعامل مع حالة الشك وGIS لتحديد المواقع المناسبة. تم تطوير FAHP لحساب أوزان المعايير، واستخدام GIS لمقاطعة وتوليد خرائط المعايير وإنتاج الخرائط المناسبة. انتهت الدراسة بالحصول على خارطة تضم المواقع المناسبة لإقامة محطات معالجة مياه الصرف الصحي بطريقة التهوية المطولة في منطقة طرطوس. تعتمد الدراسة على معايير متعددة تشمل الطبوغرافيا، الحوامل الجوفية، الجيولوجيا، حماية الموارد الطبيعية، وقبول المجتمع. تم جمع البيانات المكانية من مصادر مختلفة وتم تحليلها باستخدام برنامج ArcGIS. تم حساب أوزان المعايير باستخدام FAHP وتم دمجها مع خرائط GIS للحصول على خرائط المواقع المناسبة. أوصت الدراسة بإعادة دراسة المحاور الإقليمية غير المنفذة حتى الآن مع الأخذ بعين الاعتبار درجة مناسبة نهاية المحور لإقامة محطات معالجة مياه الصرف الصحي.
Critical review
دراسة نقدية: تُعتبر الدراسة خطوة مهمة نحو تحسين عملية اختيار مواقع محطات معالجة مياه الصرف الصحي في مدينة طرطوس. ومع ذلك، يمكن تقديم بعض الملاحظات النقدية لتحسين البحث. أولاً، قد يكون من المفيد تضمين مزيد من المعايير البيئية والاجتماعية التي قد تؤثر على اختيار الموقع. ثانياً، يمكن تحسين دقة البيانات المكانية المستخدمة من خلال تحديثها ببيانات أحدث وأكثر دقة. ثالثاً، يمكن تعزيز الدراسة بإجراء تجارب ميدانية للتحقق من صحة النتائج المستخلصة من النماذج النظرية. وأخيراً، يمكن توسيع نطاق الدراسة ليشمل مناطق أخرى في سوريا لتعميم الفوائد المستخلصة.
Questions related to the research
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ما هي الأدوات الرئيسية المستخدمة في هذه الدراسة؟
الأدوات الرئيسية المستخدمة هي نظام المعلومات الجغرافية (GIS) وطريقة التدرج التحليلي الضبابية (FAHP).
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ما هي المعايير التي تم استخدامها لاختيار المواقع المناسبة؟
المعايير تشمل الطبوغرافيا، الحوامل الجوفية، الجيولوجيا، حماية الموارد الطبيعية، وقبول المجتمع.
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ما هي النتائج النهائية التي توصلت إليها الدراسة؟
النتائج النهائية تضمنت خارطة تضم المواقع المناسبة لإقامة محطات معالجة مياه الصرف الصحي بطريقة التهوية المطولة في منطقة طرطوس.
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ما هي التوصيات التي قدمتها الدراسة للمستقبل؟
أوصت الدراسة بإعادة دراسة المحاور الإقليمية غير المنفذة حتى الآن مع الأخذ بعين الاعتبار درجة مناسبة نهاية المحور لإقامة محطات معالجة مياه الصرف الصحي، وإدخال الطرق الضبابية في عملية تصنيف المعايير.
References used
Ibrahim, E. H., Mohamed, S. E. and Atwan, A. A. Combining Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process And Gis To Select The Best Location For A Wastewater Lift Station In Elmahalla El-Kubra, North Egypt. International Journal of Engineering & Technology IJET-IJENS. Vol.11, No. 05,2011, 44-50
Anagnostopoulos, Kand Vavatsikos, A. Site Suitability Analysis for Natural Systems of Watewater Treatment with Spatial Analysis Hierachy Process. journal of water resources planning and management. Vol. 13,2012
Eldrandaly, K. Developing a GIS-Based MCE Site Selection Tool in ArcGIS Using COM Technology. IAJIT. 2011
Anagnostopoulos, K. P. and Vavatsikos, A. P. Using GIS and Fuzzy Logic for Wastewater Treatment Processes Site Selection: The Case of Rodopi Prefecture.AIP Conf.pROC. Vol. 2,2007, 851-983
Using ArcGIS® Spatial Analyst. USA : ESRI, 2001
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This study was performed at three plants for sewage treatment in Syrian coastal
villages: al-Hara, Murj-Muairban, and Hibbeat. Dry sludge samples were collected from
drying sludge basins monthly, during the period October 2011-September 2012. We
d
epended on different global ways to isolate the eggs from the sludge (flotation,
sedimentation, filtration through special sieves).
The microscopic study results of the sediment showed the presence of 5 different
species of the parasitic worm-eggs, belonged taxonomically to five different species of
parasitic worms, two species belonged to Nematoda: Ascaris lumbricoides and Trichuris
trichura, and three species belonged to Platyhelminthes: one species of them belonged to
Trematoda: Schistosoma mansoni, and the other two species belonged to cestodes: Taenia
saginata, and Diphyllobothrium latum.
The average number of worms eggs isolated from the dry sludge resulting from the
three studied sewage treatment plants (al-Hara, Murj-Muairban, and Hibbeat) recorded
relatively close values, the most number in the dry sludge resulting from the treatment
plant in Hibbeat with an average 97.16% eggs/50g, then al-Hara with an average
75.08egg/50g dry sludge. Also the results showed that the isolated eggs were more
diversed in Hibbeat treatment plant, this an indicator of the health status of the population
in the studied sites.
Study showed that the number and diversity of parasitic worm – eggs use more
observed in Summer and Autumn than in Winter and Spring.
As a result of increased environmental awareness and interest in the effective protection
of the environment from pollution, the restrictions have increased on the disposal of
wastewater, and the need to the treatment plants has arisen to treat the
wastewater prior to
disposal in water bodies, whether water from either large or small communities. As a result of
the importance of these facilities and cost of material massive construction, operation and
maintenance. In order to facilitate the design process and calculate the initial cost it was issued
some software that helps engineer in the design of the various parts of the station, and in order
to choose the equipments and comparison between several alternatives in objective ways to
choose the most appropriate. Some of these programs are dynamics. It has the ability to
simulate the work of the treatment plant along the time and predict its efficiency and
performance. STOAT is a software that aims to model and simulate wastewater and industrial
wastewater treatment plant, and it is one of the newest technology that uses the latest
developments in process modelling, simulation and a wide range of tools that simplifies the
model building and simulation and give the results in graphics and tables, allowing us to
examine the complex interactions between the various units within the station by interactive
and dynamic methods and this is important for the effective design, operation and management
of wastewater treatment plants. Hence, we take the coastal area as a case study where there are
number of modern wastewater treatment plants of small agglomeration and is being work, as
Kherbet al-Maaze wastewater treatment plant in Tartous. Using STOAT, the study shows a
good efficiency and performance of Kherbet al-Maaze WWTP using (ASM1,ASAL1) models,
and we could build several scenarios like arrival of high pollution load to the station in order to
evaluate and predict its performance.
The activated sludge is one of the most common methods of sewage treatment , which has been studied through to find the relation between sedimentation properties and the performance of aeration units. sedimentation experiments were applied on a highl
y- aerated activated sludge experimental treatment plant .Also, another experiments were applied on Marj Maerban treatment plant which is operated using the extended aeration method in order to find the Factors influencing the settling of activated sludge . These experiments were done using the Sludge volume index (SVI) ,the maximum velocity sedimentation rate (UMAX) and the time corresponding to the maximum velocity of sedimentation (TUMAX).In experimental treatment plant. We found that the sedimentation experimental parameters (Vo, n) are very sensitive and can be changed significantly with changing the values of suspended solids (MLSS) in the aeration tank. The mathematical relationships can be used to predict the value of (Vo, n) as well as designing and selecting the operating system of sludge without resorting to a conventional sedimentation tests . We also found in the extended aeration the maximum velocity sedimentation rate (UMAX) is the most important in settling process as we got some good correlation coefficients (R2) between UMAX and (TUMAX, MLSS, SVI) was at a temperature (20OC) were respectively (98, 96,98%), and when the temperature (17 OC) respectively (97,96,97%) which is almost the same values. We noticed that the sludge volume index (SVI) is closely associated with the settling parameters (UMAX, TUMAX) with the correlation coefficients were respectively (98,99%) on the temperature of (20OC) and (98,97%) on the temperature of (17OC) . Velocity sedimentation rate (UMAX) was the largest and deposition time (TUMAX) was smaller on the temperature of (20OC) Indicating an improved sedimentation with higher temperatures . Subsequently, temperature is an influential factor on deposition and It is necessary to be taken into account in the design and operation of activated sludge treatment plan.
The eco-tourism is an important element in the economic and social development at
the both local and international levels. It represent an essential economic resource for the
governmental sector, so this research particularly important because it i
s looking for the
possibility of using GIS techniques in the protected areas management. The objective of
this study is to verify the GIS importance in creating data-base which is significant for
Naby Matta protected area managers; this data-base is basically helping in the development
of the ecotourism. The results of research confirmed the importance of geographic
information systems in designing of database and the various maps and its role in
determining the steps tourism development such as determining the places of assimilation
and classify it according of the visitors density, select the better tracks for pedestrians, the
appointment of entry points and restaurants, observation points, in addition to the
investment potential of geographic information systems in spatial analysis such as
proximity and distance analysis of particular point from another point, or search for a
particular tourist attraction and find it such as searching for the best spots to enjoy the
picturesque scenery away from sensitive environmental housing thus saving time and
effort and speed in the service of visitors.
Solid waste management is a complex problem facing decision makers in Tartous,
especially in the process of selecting appropriate of solid waste land fill sites, because of
the nature of the province that rich in natural resources and high populati
on density. There
is a large number of large landfills that aren’t in convenient locations, and affect to
neighboring regions environment, adversely affect to the social life in the surrounding
communities.
In this research we identified the criteria that will be on the basis of evaluation of the
locations of these landfills to achieve environmental, social and economic conditions.
GIS was used to produce maps for each classification criterion separately to evaluate
the landfills according to each criterion, in order to extract information from weighted map
to get the appropriate locations.
The study concluded that landfills sites unrealized for the majority of the standards,
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exceed 0,012% of the total study area.
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