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Register a new userSexism in the Judiciary: The Importance of Bias Definition in NLP and In Our Courts
الجنسية في القضاء: أهمية تعريف التحيز في NLP وفي محاكمنا
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نحن نحلل 6.7 مليون وثائق قانون القضية لتحديد وجود التحيز بين الجنسين في نظامنا القضائي. نجد أن طرق كشف التحيز الحالية في NLP غير كافية لتحديد التحيز بين الجنسين في قاعدة بيانات القوانين الخاصة بنا واقتراح نهج بديل. نظهر أن النتائج غير المتسقة للخوارزميات الحالية هي عواقب التعريفات غير المتسقة للبحث المسبق للاحماء أنفسهم. تعتمد خوارزميات الكشف عن التحيز على مجموعات من الكلمات لتمثيل التحيز (على سبيل المثال، الراتب، "الوظيفة"، بوس "لتمثيل التوظيف كموضوع متحيز يحتمل على المرأة في نص). ومع ذلك، فإن الطرق التي تبني هذه المجموعات من الكلمات لها عدة نقاط ضعف، في المقام الأول أن قوائم الكلمات تستند إلى حدس الباحثين الخاصة. نقترح طريقتين جديدتين لأتمتة إنشاء قوائم الكلمات لتمثيل التحيزات. نجد أن طرقنا تتفوق على طرق الكشف عن التحيز الحالية NLP الحالية. يحسن أبحاثنا إمكانات تقنية NLP للكشف عن التحيز وتسلط الضوء على التحيزات الجنسانية الموجودة في قانون الحالة المؤثرة. من أجل اختبار أداء طريقة الكشف عن التحيز NLP، نتراجع نتائج التحيز لدينا في حالة القانون ضد بيانات تعداد الولايات المتحدة من مشاركة المرأة في القوى العاملة في المائة عام الماضية.
We analyze 6.7 million case law documents to determine the presence of gender bias within our judicial system. We find that current bias detection methods in NLP are insufficient to determine gender bias in our case law database and propose an alternative approach. We show that existing algorithms' inconsistent results are consequences of prior research's inconsistent definitions of biases themselves. Bias detection algorithms rely on groups of words to represent bias (e.g., salary,' job,' and boss' to represent employment as a potentially biased theme against women in text). However, the methods to build these groups of words have several weaknesses, primarily that the word lists are based on the researchers' own intuitions. We suggest two new methods of automating the creation of word lists to represent biases. We find that our methods outperform current NLP bias detection methods. Our research improves the capabilities of NLP technology to detect bias and highlights gender biases present in influential case law. In order to test our NLP bias detection method's performance, we regress our results of bias in case law against U.S census data of women's participation in the workforce in the last 100 years.
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Much of the world's population experiences some form of disability during their lifetime. Caution must be exercised while designing natural language processing (NLP) systems to prevent systems from inadvertently perpetuating ableist bias against peop
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The administrative judiciary is specialized with halting the
implementation of the defected administration resolutions with
unlawfulness to provide protection for people who are subject to
these resolutions. However such protection requires the av
ailability
of several conditions which are required by the administrative
judiciary lest prohibiting any abuse in halting the implementation of
the administration resolutions, or disabling them without
reasonable cause. As this research will introduce and discuss the
concept of these conditions and their influence on halting the
implementation.
This research aims to shed light on the importance of religion in the life of any
human society, and that the mind regulates the lives of the people and is considered as a
revelation which guides the minds and thus achieve the integrity of the huma
n soul and
stability, as it is important in the life of the community is the one who ensures justice and
equality between people.
This research deals with the social role of religion through religious definition, and
define the place of religion in society, the basic components of religious system, the core
of the religion ingredients (belief, myth, weather), offer some theories that addressed the
relationship between religion and society (Ibn Khaldun, Karl Marx, Max Weber , Emile
Durkheim), and finally a conclusion and a summary of the role of religion in social life.
The move to the principle of separation of powers in its relative meaning has a clear
impact in achieving the confusion between the legal works of the state authorities.
Therefore, it was necessary to search for clear criteria to identify the legal
nature for those
works, especially that they differ in terms of the legal system governing them.
These criteria are important in distinguishing the administrative decisions form the
other works which the state authorities do, especially that they are an effective tool within
the hand of the administration in the face of individuals being subject to the judicial control
on the one hand, and that they are liable to be canceled and modified by the administration
on the other hand. In addition, the state is responsible for the harm caused by these acts to
individuals.
The jurisprudence and the judiciary are swinging between the two criteria even if one
of them overshadows the other. This research aims to demonstrate the criteria used in
distinguishing the administrative decision from the other legal works, as well as the
standpoint of the Syrian, Egyptian and French jurisprudence and judiciary regarding this
issue.
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