Improvement of quality of medications through implementing the six sigma methodology

The increased competition in the global pharmaceutical market and the necessity to reach higher levels of quality of the pharmaceutical products force the manufacturers to seek and adopt more effective and reliable quality management methods and techniques which allow them to introduce products with the highest possible quality level and reduced quality costs while maintaining conformance to the pharmaceutical GMPs, technical and legislative requirements. One of the popular modern quality management methodologies is Six Sigma, which proved its high ability to increase business profits and competitiveness within more than 30 years of implementation in manufacturing and service sectors. Recently, Six Sigma methodology has been adopted by global pharmaceutical companies such as Baxter, Eli Lilly, Johnson & Johnson and Novartis and obtained considerable benefits from its abilities. This research aims at investigating the possibility to improve the quality of medications through implementing the six sigma methodology, and to find out what benefits a pharmaceutical company can get through the implementation of this methodology. A case study was conducted in a pharmaceutical company in Syria (Orient-Pharma) in order to examine the effectiveness and advantages of Six Sigma methodology. For this purpose, a quality improvement project was conducted using DMAIC roadmap to enhance the quality for one of the main products of the company. The obtained results of DMAIC project showed an enhanced process capability, an enhanced process Sigma level, decreased variability in the process outputs, as a result the quality of the medication had been enhanced sufficiently. As a conclusion, considerable benefits can be obtained through implementing Six Sigma methodology in the pharmaceutical industry to improve the medications quality and the production processes as well.

Development of external customer classification based on the analysis of interested parties

In the article introduced new classification of consumers. For modern quality management, it is important to understand the requirements of the consumer. In case of participation of outsourcers in the production processes, it is necessary to change the existing classification of consumers. This change is necessary because the outsourcer cannot directly interact with the consumer, whereas the consumer interacts with the producer. Consequently, there is another link for interaction between customer and outsourcer that is the manufacturer.Because of this link, it is possible to lose the customer's requirements, which the outsourcer must fulfill.Therefore, we can say that there is a new type of consumer – "concealed customer"

Assessment of the quality of higher professional education on the basis of professional and social accreditation

Professional-public accreditation is aimed at developing a system of recommendations for improving the quality of educational programs in higher education. As is known in experts on professional-public accreditation includes representatives of employers, education and students. Nevertheless, due to the lack of regulations and forms of reports, it can be observed that in a number of reporting documents there is no information about the relationship of the educational institution with employers. In addition, there is no single database on which educational programs and in which professional and public expert communities have been accredited. Thus, the effectiveness of professional-public accreditation is currently low. To increase the importance of this procedure, it is necessary to increase the importance of employers 'and students' unions when implementing procedures or professional and public accreditation.

A suggested developed model for quality losses estimation

The quality of products in general is of great importance in the current time, and its impact on various aspects of life, such as economy, health and welfare of society as a whole is crucial and visible. It is vital to have a deep understanding of the product realization process, including understanding the dynamics under which the product quality changes under the manufacturing conditions and the customer’s (sensitivity) ability to recognize changes in product quality. This article aims to develop and modify the Taguchi model to suit the case of pharmaceutical products. The model of pharmaceutical quality loss suggested in this paper can be considered as a combination of the traditional concept of quality model and the Taguchi model, modified to suit the case of the pharmaceutical quality. The suggested quality model can be used to assess quantitatively the quality loss value that is associated with each deviation from the established tolerance zone; and accordingly to enhance the understanding of the pharmaceutical manufacturing process to avoid and prevent the occurrence of such loses of the pharmaceutical quality in the future.

Evaluation of the quality of the process by measuring the index of opportunities

Effective production process management contributes to the competitiveness of a company. If a manufacturer knows customer requirements to produced goods he can define specification levels for a product at each production process. Therefore, a complex index is required which allows to evaluate process quality quantitatively depending on the extent of its shift and dispersion. The tool widely used for assessing process quality is capability index. The analysis presented in the paper shows that this index has two drawbacks: it does not consider costs level and process change dynamics. To solve this problem we introduced two additional indices. One index based on the calculation of economic losses, and the second one considers process change dynamics. Developed quality indices can be applied for the cases when a production process follows the Gaussian law. Moreover, Q index should be used in the cases when the probability of nondefective units production is high.

Analyzing and evaluating the effectiveness and efficiency of quality management systems in organizations, doctoral thesis in quality management. Dr. Bacel Alasas

Improving the efficiency of quality management systems is an important challenge for the business sector and the economy as a whole. Based on the fact that the quality system is the most important tool on which companies are based, to achieve the desires and expectations of customers and consumers, as well as to achieve profitability and continuity in the labor market in the long term. This study contributes to the efforts made by researchers to find effective ways and means that allow companies to measure and improve the effectiveness of their quality management systems, benefiting from the internal audit process of ISO 9001 quality systems, expanding the scope of audit to include audit of quality indicators and key performance indicators for the performance of the quality system as a whole, combined with the verification of compliance of the system with ISO 9001: 2015. The aim of the study is to improve the efficiency of the quality management system through internal audit of QMS.

Implementing Six Sigma Methodology in the Syrian Pharmaceutical Companies A Case study : Orient Pharma. Master's thesis in quality management.

This research is aimed at studying the matter of Six Sigma implementation in The Syrian Pharmaceutical Companies as a way to enhance the quality of drug products , and to determine the requirements for successful implementation Six Sigma , and what benefits and obstacles could be appear during the application process . This research has been executed as a case study by implementing Six Sigma Methodology at Orient Pharma. Company to realize the benefits and obstacles of the implementation . In addition to that , the existence of the determined requirements for successful implementation of Six Sigma in the studied company has been measured .And a theoretical study including many of important researches that studied this research's problem has been done , to review the results achieved and benefit of them in executing this study. Then , a simplified conceptual framework about Six Sigma concepts and methods has been formed. After that , the research studied the matter of implementing Six Sigma in Syrian Pharmaceutical Companies , and why they need it , and the fields that’s could benefit from Six Sigma . A group of (16) requirements has been determined as a "must to be" available before stating the application process , these requirements are divided into three main categories : Managerial requirements , Technical requirements , and Human requirements , which create together the suitable environment for successful implementation of Six Sigma.The most important results this research achieved are : it is applicable to use Six Sigma as valuable approach to enhance quality of drug products of the studied company, whereas significant improvements have been achieved through the DMAIC project such as increased quality of the drug product involved in it , decreased variability in the manufacturing process , and enhanced process capability to meet the desired quality requirements of the drug . In addition to that , a significant differences have been detected between the existed requirements in the studied company , and the needed requirements for the successful implementation of Six Sigma . The required role of the company top management , and the resistance of employees are the main obstacles for the successful implementation of Six Sigma in the company.Finally , some recommendations have been suggested to the company such as : the importance of the full existence of the determined requirements for successful implementation of Six Sigma before starting the deployment process , and the viable role of the consultant party that could qualify the employees and provide the needed training about Six Sigma concepts and methods , and to save and sustain the improvements achieved from the DMAIC project executed in the studied company .

The Effectiveness of a Cognitive Flexibility Theory – Based Training Program in Developing Some Productive – Mind Habits of Female Student Teachers and Their Preferable Learning Styles

The study sought to determine the effectiveness of a training program based on the theory of cognitive flexibility in developing some habits of productive mind and preferred learning methods among female student teachers, by identifying the level of habits of mind necessary for female student teachers in kindergartens and their preferred learning methods, and determining the procedures of the training program based on the theory of cognitive flexibility. To study its effectiveness in developing some habits of the productive mind and to know the percentage of the contribution of the habits of the productive mind to their preferred learning methods, so the study followed the quasi-experimental approach by designing two equal groups (control and experimental), by preparing a scale of the sixteen habits of the productive mind according to Costa & Kallick’s list. (2009) and a measure of productive mind habits necessary for female kindergarten students, and applying Felder and Silverman’s preferred learning styles scale (Index of learning style, 1999), on a purposive sample consisting of (46) female kindergarten students from the third year because they are in the intermediate learning stage according to the theory. Cognitive flexibility, as the sample represents 20% of the research population, and the results of the study revealed a low level of six habits of the productive mind in the sample: perseverance, control of recklessness, flexibility of thinking, creativity, continuous learning, and striving for accuracy. The sample’s learning preferences also varied between... Methods of processing, perception, input and thinking. The results showed the effectiveness of the training program based on the theory of cognitive flexibility in developing the necessary productive mind habits for kindergarten students. The results also revealed the contribution of productive mind habits to preferences for learning methods, as the habits of the productive mind individually predict preferred learning methods in proportion. It ranges from 31% to 64% in the post-measurement, and the six habits of the productive mind contribute together over time, as they predict preferred learning methods by rates ranging from 18% to 63.8%, with the exception of the processing style, of which the creativity habit predicted 34%. Some Recommendations in light of these results.

Employing the press photo in Emirati news sites An analytical study the Emirati Al-Barq website and 24 news websites

Mustafa Wajeeh Al-Karkhi, Employing the Press Photo in Emirati News Sites, an Analytical Study for Emirates Barq and 24 News Sites, University of Baghdad College of Mass Communication / Department of Journalism 2022 The press image in the field of media has adopted news employment in journalistic work through media institutions, as it is characterized by features that made it enjoy the attention of those in charge of it in an effort to add news value and credibility to the event, on this we can realize the responsibility placed on the worker in the field of media. Therefore, this research came to provide a scientific description of the press photo and the mechanisms of its employment and dissemination in the Emirati electronic news sites, and what these news sites follow through the image in focus. The main objective of the research is to find out how Emirati news sites use the press photo, and to know the topics of the published press photo, what types are most employed, the identity of the source of the photo, and the news values most relied on in Emirati news sites, entitled (Using the press photo in Emirati news sites for Barq website). Emirates and 24 news), and the time period was three months, and the researcher took a regular random sample, for the period from (1/8/2021 to 10/31/2021), and the research sample consists of (1551) images, to reach the research objectives that answer the set of questions mentioned in the search problem.

Developing the Economic Awareness at Students of Technical Secondary Schools in Egypt in the light of some modern international trends

The study aimed to provide the procedural proposals of developing economic awareness at students of technical secondary schools in Egypt in the light of some contemporary international trends .The study used a descriptive approach through which it is possible to describe and analyze modern the international trends .The study concluded a group of procedural proposals represented in : Involving the students in managing some of the school financial affairs (such as ,managing the school cafeteria ) .Forming student social contact groups through social networks to discuss the current economic matters ,providing the school with books and references and scientific resources concerned about developing the economic awareness at students of technical education , provision of the financial corporeal support required for teachers, increasing the number of teachers, , paying attention to train the teachers and raising their efficiency, skills through holding training courses in the field of financial and economic awareness, designing school curricula in a manner coping with the current economic situation and reinforcing the economic skills of the students', including the subject of the economic education so that it can be binding to the students of technical secondary schools throughout the three –year system or the five-year system , Including the financial culture subject in all various subjects of the Egyptian Curricula, allocating one day in the school year to be the Saving Day, making plays for some wrong economic behaviors and habits spread in the Egyptian community, Organizing trips and field visits to factories and economic institutions.