This research carries how to do steel pipelines defects repair process by a simple and
easy way. At first the region that surrounds the defect is cleaned then the epoxy material is
put over the defect after mixing the resin with the hardener well.
Epoxy layer dimensions
depend on the defect dimensions that exists in the pipe. After that, the specimen is released
for a period of time to obtain the setting process. Several types of epoxy were used for
preparing series of specimens, which were tested on the pressure set up to estimate the
efficiency of this way in the repair, and knowing the pressure values that epoxy layer can
carry. A pipe of three holes their radius are equal, was treated by using ALTECO QUICK
EPOXY STEEL and the pressure gauge recorded many values that reached 18 bar. The
curve, that represents the relationship between the pressure which the epoxy layer carried
and its surface area, was drawn. It is found that the most effect factor in the repair process
is the specimen preparing and the thickness of the epoxy layer.
In the last two decades, the use of advanced composite materials such
as Fiber Reinforced Polymers (FRP) in strengthening reinforced
concrete (RC) structural elements has been increasing. Research and
design guidelines concluded that externally bo
nded FRP could increase
the capacity of RC elements efficiently. However, the linear stressstrain
characteristics of FRP up to failure and lack of yield plateau have
a negative impact on the overall ductility of the strengthened RC
elements. Use of hybrid FRP laminates, which consist of a
combination of either carbon and glass fibers, or glass and aramid
fibers, changes the behavior of the material to a non-linear behavior.
This paper aims to study the performance of reinforced concrete beams
strengthened by hybrid FRP laminates.
The aim of this study was to assessment the effect of using MohlerTechnique in primary repair ofunilateral cleft lip. The study comprised of12cases attendedto department of oral and maxillofacial surgery at Alassad University HospitalLattakia-Syria,
with completeunilateral cleft lip between 1 April 2014 and 1 April 2015. The clinical observation included taking photographs for the patients in anterior position to evaluate symmetry of cutaneous lip heights and in naso-frontal position to evaluate symmetry of nostrils between the cleft side and noncleft side at 15 days and 6 months postoperative.
If it is not cracked then it is not working. This statement is the actual result of difference
between tension strength of concrete and tension strength of steel in concrete structures
elements that are economically designed.
In spite of that, eng
ineers rarely use this statement to explain cracks in buildings, but
sometimes they use it to calm down the owner of some cracked building. That's why we should
define acceptable cracks and their degrees.
Cracks in concrete and reinforced concrete structures are a bad sign, although some of
these cracks have no negative effect on the utilization of the structure.
Reasons of cracks are various and different, some of them might occur in different types
of cracking while others may lead to a single type of crack.
Cracks formation in concrete varies due to the different factors causing them, which also
may be structural or related to the utilization of building.
It is not easy to put a useful list for probable reasons of cracking as cracks have many
shapes and any one of them might increase the danger of another one or even exceeds it. To
explain the relationship between these types, we proposed the cracking tree, which may help
the designer to take into consideration the probable reasons for cracking.
The main specification of cracks is that its three nodes define the three periods in the life
of a structure: design, construction and service. These are also divided into lists including
reasons causing cracking and their effects on each other.
Cracking tree branches into tension roots, taking into consideration that the first branches
determine the physical properties of cracks (width, depth, length,…). Then these branches
take their way throughout the three phases,(restriction of movement is the most important
branch). When these branches stop growing, they can tell the severity of cracking, in respect
to durability and beauty. This definitely still needs accurate study and repair.
This research aims to study the direct reasons of cracking, factors that increase cracks,
and types of cracking growing in structural members (Columns, Beams, Plates,..). Add to that
the procedures needed to prevent or stop cracks growing. We also offer an attempt to point the
best methods and materials to be used for restoration.
Background& Objective: Management of CSF rhinorrhea by an effective and less traumatic endoscopic tans-nasal approach in comparison with traditional open craniotomy one. Objective: To study cases of CSF rhinorrhea and to evaluate the results of Endos
copic trans-nasal repair and failure rates.
Materials & Methods: Retrospective study of 34 cases (first main group) of meningeal nasal fistula admitted to Al Moassate university hospital between 5.2004 - 5.2009 in addition to three cases in which the fistula had occurred during an endoscopic sinus surgery (second secondary group).
Results: In the first group the main presenting complain was persistent or intermittent clear watery rhinorrhea in 30 patients (88.23%), history of repeated Meningitis in 4 patients (11.76%) and rhinorrhea and one episode of meningitis in one patients (2.94%).A history of head trauma was detected in 20 patients (58.82%), nasal surgery in 4 patients (11.76%), where no history of head trauma or nasal surgery was found in 10 patients (29.41%). The fistula situated in the roof of the ethmoid sinus in 28 patients (79.41%), roof or lateral wall of sphenoid sinus in 4 patients(11.76%), and in the roof of both ethmoid and sphenoid sinuses in tow patients(5.88%). The fistula was closed by endoscopic trans-nasal approach with fascia latta in 31 patients (83.78%), fascia of rectus abdominalis in one patient and with the mucoperostium of contra-lateral inferior turbinate in 5 patients (13.51%). Follow-up was for 12-43 months. Recurrence has occurred in 10 patients (27.02%) in a form of recurrence of watery rhinorrhea or recurrence of meningitis or both of them. Second endoscopic trans-nasal intervention had done in 8 of
them, second recurrence occurred in 3 patients. Thus the overall success rate was (91.42%).
Conclusion: Endoscopic trans-nasal approach is an effective way to repair the meningeal nasal fistulas with low morbidity and mortality rate in comparison with the traditional open neurosurgery approach.
the lapse of rhinoplasty results in cleft lip patients is considered one of the
challenges which limit of plastic surgery in oral facial deformities
This research aimed to evaluate the usage of two kinds of nasal stints (plastic and acrylic) at the results of
rhinoplasty in cleft lip patients.
intraoperative penile engorgement because of caudal epidural block may result
in tension on surgical sutures and alter surgical outcome
Aim & objective: to compare between the effect of penile block &caudal epidural block on the quality of
analges
ia & surgical outcome following hypospadias repair.
