Legal judgment prediction (LJP) usually consists in a text classification task aimed at predicting the verdict on the basis of the fact description. The literature shows that the use of articles as input features helps improve the classification perf
ormance. In this work, we designed a verdict prediction task based on landlord-tenant disputes and we applied BERT-based models to which we fed different article-based features. Although the results obtained are consistent with the literature, the improvements with the articles are mostly obtained with the most frequent labels, suggesting that pre-trained and fine-tuned transformer-based models are not scalable as is for legal reasoning in real life scenarios as they would only excel in accurately predicting the most recurrent verdicts to the detriment of other legal outcomes.
The confiscated is a financial penalty, It is imposed as a
general principle by a court judgment irrevocable according to a
Syrian constitution and anti-terrorism Act, but for political reasons,
and an exception to the general principle it was imp
osed by a
legislative decree during the sixth decade of the twentieth century
in Syria .
The confiscated money are one of the public treasury
resources of the state. In spite of the Syrian legislator provided
how the confiscated is imposed, but it did not provide for how to
manage and invest the confiscated money, As a result, there were
many public entities that participate in the management of these
funds, and many Legal systems that are used in the management
and investment of these funds, Which calls for intervention of the
legislator to regulate this issue through a unified legal text that
includes the financial and administrative system of confiscated
money.
Golden shares emerged in the beginning of 1980s in Great Britain, the main objective of golden shares was and remains the protection of a State's strategic interests in the privatized public companies from falling into the undesirable hands of foreig
n or domestic, and due to the practical usefulness this legal technical has moved to the French privatization program, and from it to many of the
privatization's legislation in the world but legal existence of these shares have been recent threatened by the judgment of the European Court of Justice which ruled to cancel many of these shares in more than one country under the pretext of violation
of the Treaty on European Union and in particular the provisions relating to the free movement of capital and freedom of establishment of companies.
Therefore, we will discuss in this research the concept of Golden share and its legal framework, and then consides the judgments of the European Court of Justice, and analyze then up to the standards set by to the permissible golden share at the European level.
This study amid at investigating the consistency between
judgment and factor analysis employed as indicators of validity for many
psychological concepts. Subjects were 861 ninth and tenth students.
Data of the performance on two scales (psychologi
cal stress & rebellion)
were taken from a previous study used judgment to determine concepts’
factors. Results showed consistency in number of factors determined by
both methods for the Psychological Stress Scale. However, agreement
was not found for the Rebellion Scale; two main factors revealed by the
judgment method and five factors were explored by factor analysis. The
study emphasized the necessity of utilizing factor analysis beside
judgment when checking for validity.
