Contribution in removal water hardness by soda ash which formed from hearth firewood

This study aims to use the ash formed from the burning of firewood and the different pruning residues to remove the hardness of water Soda ash was characterized using different techniques, including XRD,flame spectroscopy , volume titration and others. These methods aim to determine the composition of the ash and the components which are contributing to the removal process. The optimum mixing time was determined using certain amount of soda ash to the hard water and the water hardness was determined in the rang of time (0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5h) where the ideal time was 3 hours. The removal ratios were determined when the mixing time of the two phases was 3 h, and adding directly the following quantities of ash (0.5,1,2,3,5,7,10,15,20,25) g to 200 ml of highly hardened water. The removal rate was increased by increasing the amount of added ash. The removal rate was approximately 50% when 1 g of ash was used and the complete removal rate of 100% was achieved when the amount of ash was 25 g.

Contribution in removal water hardness by soda ash which formed from hearth firewood

This study aims to use the ash formed from the burning of firewood and the different pruning residues to remove the hardness of water Soda ash was characterized using different techniques, including XRD,flame spectroscopy , volume titration and others. These methods aim to determine the composition of the ash and the components which are contributing to the removal process. The optimum mixing time was determined using certain amount of soda ash to the hard water and the water hardness was determined in the rang of time (0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5h) where the ideal time was 3 hours. The removal ratios were determined when the mixing time of the two phases was 3 h, and adding directly the following quantities of ash (0.5,1,2,3,5,7,10,15,20,25) g to 200 ml of highly hardened water. The removal rate was increased by increasing the amount of added ash. The removal rate was approximately 50% when 1 g of ash was used and the complete removal rate of 100% was achieved when the amount of ash was 25 g.

The Level of Psychological hardness of A Sample of Swimming Players in Damascus Governorate

The aim of the research is to identify the level of psychological hardness of a sample of swimmers in Damascus Governorate. Differences in the level of psychological hardness between the members of the research sample are defined according to the sex variables (males / females) and age (12/13/14/15) years. The sample consisted of (77) individuals divided into (54) males and (23) females. They were selected in a random stratified manner, where they applied a measure of psychological rigidity (prepared by the researcher) after verifying of validity and reliability. The results indicated that: 1. There is an average level of psychological hardness in general among swimmers and members of the research sample in Damascus Governorate. 2. There are statistically significant differences between the mean scores of the research sample on the psychological hardness scale according to gender variable in favor of males 3. There are statistically significant differences between the mean scores of the individuals on the psychological rigidity scale according to the age variable for the benefit of the larger age.

An-Invitro Study to Some Mechanical Properties of Cobalt-Chrome Alloys in Sodium hypochlorite and distilled water

The current research aims to study the effect of chemical disinfectants on the roughness and hardness of the surface of the cobalt chrome alloy, where the use of cleansing Sodium hypochlorite 5.25% and distilled water (the control sample), Been manufacturing 20 structure metal of the alloy cobalt chrome, each group containing 10 samples and was doused with samples intravenously cleared, then it was measured surface roughness using an Atomic force microscope, and measuring the hardness of the surface using a Vickers measuring device hardness.

The Effect of Nickel on Mechanical Properties of Aluminum-Copper Alloy Treated by Artificial Aging

In this research the effect of Nickel addition by various percentages on the mechanical properties of Aluminum-Copper alloy was studied. After adding Nickel the alloys was artificially aged for different times, and the effect of Nickel on the response of alloy to precipitation hardening was studied. Where the effect of Nickel on the microscope structure was studied, and on the mechanical properties as hardness, tensile strength, yield strength and elongation. The results showed that the increase of Nickel improve this properties, where the highest values were obtained when the Nickel's percentage was 5% Wt.

NH3 Gas Effect of Gaseous Heat Treatment on some Properties Of Spreading (Diffusion) Surface Layer of Steel 20

We have studied in this paper the effect of thermal gaseous using NH3 – gas at some diffusion layers properties of tool steel 20 in temperature range (550 ,650 ,750, 850) 0C , 4h at each one . The purpose of this heat treatment is to get and determine the microhardness, fatigue and corrosion resistance. The micro-hardness was determined using Vickers's tester with values ranged between ( 130-435 ) HV. In order to verify these results, we studied the microstructure if the surface layers using metallurgical microscope and SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope). Furthermore the corrosion resistance was studied after immersing it in sea water for two year.

A comparative study between types of composite in terms of hardness

The research project sample consisted of 30 blocks of composite resin , these blocks where divided into three equal groups , 10 of composite resin Z-250 from 3M ESPE Company , 10 of the composite resin Supreme from 3M ESPE Company ,10 of the composite resin Quixfil of Dentsply company, and has been testing the hardness Number, each sample individually. The aim of the previous procedures was to show the role of composite resin structure in determining the hardness number Through differences in the hardness number and the role of this hardness determining the mechanical properties for composite resin restorations cause of the importance of this property to understand the mechanical properties for a lot of restorative materials. And the result is that there is a statistically significant between the resin Quixfil and the Z-250 on the one hand and the Supreme resin on the other hand.

Studying the mechanical properties of composite material based on unsaturated polyester reinforced with random fiberglass

This research includes an experimental study for the manufacture of a composite material based on polymer (unsaturated polyester), reinforced with random fiberglass at different weight fractions. By suite, it has been studied some mechanical properties of the models manufactured, to determine the effect of glass fiber content on the tensile strength, hardness and impact resistance. This study has shown that the best results were for samples reinforced by 40% fiberglass, where the tensile strength increased about 70%, hardness up to 30%, and impact resistance about 43%. It will be observed that the mechanical properties decrease clearly at 60% of weight fraction of fiberglass. This fact can be related to the quantity of unsaturated polyester become inadequate for recharge of the fibers, which leads to weakness in the forces bonding in composite materials.

The meaning of life and its relationship to Hardness

This research aims to detect the correlation between the meaning of life and rigidity psychological among a sample of Third-year students from the University of Damascus - the colleges of education, architecture, economics, fine arts, where the number of members of the research sample (120) students, and tries to find the knowledge of the differences in the performance of individuals the research sample attributable to the variables of sex and jurisdiction, has been relying on the scale of the meaning of life for young people, which was prepared by Mohammed Hassan White (2010). The scale of hardness psychological preparation Mukhaimar (2002), and after testing the hypotheses was reached following results: 1 There is a strong positive correlation statistically significant at the 0.05 level between the Life Of Meaning and Psychological Hardiness. 2 Enemy and there are statistically significant differences at the 0.05 level in the meaning of life and psychological Hardiness depending on the variable sex. 3 Presence of statistically significant differences at the 0.05 level in the meaning of life according to the variable specialization for students of the economy. 4 Presence of statistically significant differences at the 0.05 level of mental toughness in psychological Hardiness on the specialization for students of Fine Arts.

Nitriding Double Composite Martensitic- Austenitic Alloy Steel

The thickness of the diffusion layers was studied, along with the phases and the microstructure and composition, across the depth in diffusion zone. The obtained results proved the effect of nitriding system in the growth of the diffusion layers on surface of double composite martensitic - austenitic alloy steel. Analysis of mechanical and tribological characteristics of treated double composite steel under dry friction was also studied. It was found that diffusion treatment had a significant influence on work capacity of tested alloy. Stability of alloy after nitriding was (2.5-4) times higher in magnitude compared to untreated alloy.