A field survey for chickpea wilt disease Fusarium
oxysporum f.sp ciceris was conducted in different provinces
of north Syria during 2011 cropping season with the
objectives to determine chickpea wilt distribution and factors
affecting its develop
ment. Two hundred and fifty samples
were collected from Alhasakah, Aleppo and Idleb fields. The
results showed varying levels of incidence between and
within provinces (2-90%), and the highest incidence was
recorded in Alfouaa- Idleb (90%). The incidence and
distribution of this disease seemed to be affected by many
factors especially date of sown and soil kind. The
pathogenicity test of 60 isolates related to Fusarium
oxysporum on susceptible cultivars Ghab1 was shown that 54
isolates related to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris; 32
isolates of them were caused yellowing symptoms and 22
were caused wilting symptoms.
The importance of this research is the nature of the problem it handles , which is the
phenomenon of Westernization (away from homeland) and its long term that accompanied
the man since ancient times. It is not the product of a particular individua
l, and not the
result of this day and age in particular, but rooted deep in history.
The concept of Westernization is one of the most difficult concepts of what is
shrouded in a lot of confusion and ambiguity due to the multiplicity of areas of use. From
here this research seeks to shed light on the concept of Westernization and observes
subsequent transformations and their implications.
It is proven that the phenomenon of Westernization, as a comprehensive human
phenomenon, is more severe in capitalist societies, a result of what it results of the
tremendous economic development and social change which has led to a stark machine
control and material aspect in humans.
Thus the capitalist system directly contributed to strengthening the feeling of
alienation and Westernization, making it a consumer society that uproots man from his
origin and carries a system that he has nothing to do with it. Individuals, shall be
transferred to the non-conscious group, and the Westernization of the individual case turns
into a general social phenomenon.
