The study of continental Neogene deposits in Damascus and Kalamoun
areas has led to distinguish two lithological formations: the bottom one is
composed of debris with fine elements in general, dominated by sand and clay,
widespread on its base loc
ally remnants of volcanic basalt flow. The top
formation consist of conglomerate sediments with coarse elements of mixed
sizes and sources.
The study showed that volcanic flow which came from the south as basaltic
flow from Al-Manea Mountain to the south of Damascus, reached the southern
part of Dimas Basin and not far beyond it towards the north.
Also, the study demonstrated that the age of the continental deposits
overlying the volcanic flows belong at their bases to Lower Miocene age, in
comparison with the data of the isotopic analysis of the volcanic rocks
previously recorded in the region.
The lithologic and palaeontologic study of the marine Neogene in Salquine
area (NW Of Syria) gave new data which allowed the distinguishing of a
number of lithostratigraphic units and the determination of their ages. This led
to precise lithostrat
igraphic correlations between the studied area and the
neighboring areas, and finally a clear knowledge of the geological evolution of
the area during the Neogene. The stratigraphic distribution of the planktonic
foraminifera in the area showed a perfect agreement with what is known
during the Tethys Neogene. The comparison with the neighboring areas led to
the discovery of an important stratigraphic lacuna in Salquine area during
salinity period of the Upper Miocene of the Mediterranean region.
Engineering Geology can be considered as one of the most modern
sciences concerning the study of rocks in general, as it combines
both mechanics: geology and science of soil, It uses both these
sciences in the field of knowledge of all properties
of rocks, and at
the same time to address the problems that we face in harnessing
and adapting the modern engineering possibilities while confronting
the problems that we face during the construction of facilities at the
same disproportionate properties and construction work, such as
injections and retaining walls and rock reinforcement to avoid
collapses ... etc.
This paper discusses the study of engineering of geological
characteristics of the loose rocks, considering as an example:
(Braddon dam) region.
