A text’s poetic characteristic is what gives it its literary attribute .The poetic characteristic
of a structural constituent is what gives it the main attribute amongst others. Scholars,
therefore, are interested when attempting to identify the p
oetic quality in tracing the
technique, whose effective presence, along with its links to other set constituents, indicates
that the studied text is distinguished for its poetic characteristic .Each artistic means, which
is significant in indicating the implication of the text, is a poetic means. This is the paper’s
hypothesis in illustrating the significance of contrast, relying upon a set of theoretical
postulates, of which some are confined to linguistics, although they have their basis in
Arab linguistic and rhetorical discourse. They help a scholar in drawing rhetorical
conclusions, in the aftermath of examining the texts. As for the practical objective, the
paper will try to make use of the theoretical postulates in dealing with one of al-
Mutanabby’s texts, which are strikingly rich with contrasts: their abundance on the text's
level. Thus , al-Mutanabby invested it [contrast] in weaving a network of relations linking
the signified, whereby contrast is their main linking device, and the first controlling factor
in directing them towards giving the text a consistent poetic structure.
This study was designed to estimate the allelophatic effect of cogongrass (Imperata
cylindrica L.), in the growth of one year old of olive seedlings, in a nursery (greenhouse)
conditions. Two experiments were conducted in this study. In the first e
xperiment, the
effect of the aqueous extracts of cognograss leaves, rhizomes, and roots, at concentrations
of (2%, 4% and 8%) on the growth of olive seedlings (total length and diameter) were
evaluated. The results of this experiment indicated an inhibitory effect of the 4% and 8%
aqueous extracts on growth parameters. It was found that treatments with 4% and 8%
aqueous extracts caused significant reduction (60.2% and 83%) respectively in the total
length, in compare to the control. As for the 2% aqueous extract, it showed a stimulation
effect in the growth, an increase about 31.5% was recorded for the total length in compare
to the control. A similar result was observed in regard the seedlings diameter growth. The
2% aqueous extract showed an 56.8% increase in the rate of diameter growth, while the
4% and 8% extracts showed a reduction effects 80% and 91.5% respectively. The second
experiment evaluated the effect of dried powder of cogongrass parts at concentrations of
(2%, 4% and 8%) on the growth of olive seedlings.
The research was conducted to study an efficacy of the fungus
Trichoderma harzianumin controlling the gray mold disease on
tomato that causing by the fungus Botrytis cinerea. A local isolate
of the fungus T. harzianum was studied under laboratory conditions
using two methods: antagonism and the spore suspension.
The research aimed to study the contrast between three commercial starter
cultures used in the manufacturing of fermented meat and different
concentrations of nitrite, salt, lactic acid and black pepper all alone on the
impact of inhibition of the
microbial growth. The first starter culture contained
a mixture of Staphylococcus carnosus and Staphylococcus vitulinus, and the
second one contained Lactococcus lactis and Lactobacillus sakei while the third
one contained Lactococcus lactis, Lactobacillus sakei, Staphylococcus carnosus
and Staphylococcus xylosus. Four concentrations of each additive were
individually prepared and the inhibition activity on the microbial growth was
estimated by comparing the total microbial counts with and without the
addition of the same additive. Analysis of variance and least significant
difference (LSD) test at P<0.05 showed that the lactic acid was the most
influential on the microbial growth of starter cultures, and significant
differences were also detected between the used concentrations of lactic acid,
while no significant effect was observed when 100 ppm of nitrite, 1-3% of salt
and 0.1-0.4% for black pepper were used. Consequently, the previously
mentioned concentrations could be applied in the manufacturing of fermented
meats.
Bioeffect of some Syrian Myrtus communis L. leaves extracts in growth of some pathogenic microorganisms, which were isolated from Al-Assad hospital laboratory in Lattakia, was tested by disc diffusion method. Results showed that cold and hot water ex
tracts have antibacterial activity against all Gram positive and negative bacteria, and pathogenic Candida albicans except Klebsiella pneumoniae. All organic extracts have antibacterial activity against Proteus vulgaris, Entrococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus albus.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Pseudomonas fluorescens were affected by most of the organic extracts, and the most bioactivity was by methanol extract, and all inhibition zones of extracts were bigger than inhibition zones by control
antibiotics. Serratia marcescens and Acinetobacter calcoaceticus were affected by methanol (with highest inhibition zone 37.33 and 27.33 mm respectively), ethanol, acetone and ethyl acetate extracts, but resistant to the others. Klebsiella pneumoniae affected by ethanol extract only with inhibition zone 20.33 mm.
Results of bioactivity according to a various solvents used in this study demonstrate that Syrian Myrtus communis L. leaves extracts have antimicrobial activity, so expected to be potential sources of natural antibacterial and antifungal products against some pathogenic bacteria and fungi in the future.
This research was conducted in the laboratories of Faculty of Agriculture –
Damascus University Department of Food Sciences. The aim of this research
was to study the inhibition effect of the growth and activity of Lactic acid
bacteria as starter
in yoghourt, on the growth of E. coli O157:H7 bacteria. A
pure strains of E. coli O157:H7 and Lactic acid bacteria was used for this study.
The effect of Lactic acid bacteria (Streptococcus thermophilus and
Lactobacillus bulgaricus ) in the number of E. coli O157:H7 was studied in 37 ◦C
and 4◦C. The Lactic acid bacteria was inoculeted in milk which was prepared to
manufacture the yoghurt. The number of E. coli O157:H7 was gradually
decreased with the time. The decline number of this bacteria was clear when S.
thermophilus and Lb. bulgaricus were used as a mixture starter , then when Lb.
bulgaricus was used as a single starter then S. thermophilus was used a single,
In the other hand, the inhibition effect was weaker at 37 C and stronger on 4 C.
This investigation was done in the laboratories of Faculty of Agriculture –
Damascus University Department of Food Sciences. The aim of this research
was to study the inhibition effect of the growth of Lactic acid bacteria used as
starter, on the
growth of S. typhi O9 bacteria. We used for this study a pure
strains of Salmonella typhi O9 and Lactic acid bacteria (Streptococcus
thermophilus and Lactobacillus bulgaricus). The effect of Lactic acid bacteria on
the number of S. typhi O9 was studied in 37 ◦C and 4◦C. The Lactic acid bacteria
were inoculeted in milk for the yoghurt manufacturing. The number of S. typhi
O9 decreased gradually with time. This decrease number of this bacteria was
more clear when both Str. thermophilus and Lb. bulgaricus were used as a
mixted starter, Lb. bulgaricus then when was used a single starter, or when Str.
thermophilus was used a alone. The S.typhi O9 disappear
يعد هذا البحث، مساهمة هامة من أجل فهم ظاهرة التشكل النباتي لدى النبات Albizzia julibrissin
تحت تأثير السكريات المختلفة. فلقد استطعنا إيضاح دور التغذية الكربونية في تحديد و توجيه البرامج
المؤدية إلى التشكل النباتي في الزراعة المخبرية.
و نؤكد، بوضوح
، أن لمصدر التغذية الكربونية (السكريات المختلفة) دورًا محددًا في تطور أنظمة
الزراعة المخبرية، و يبدو أن هذا الدور يتركز عند مستوى انتقاء و توجيه برنامج التشكل النباتي المحتمل
ظهوره في المادة المدروسة، بغياب الهرمونات المضافة إلى وسط الزراعة. فبالواقع يحدث تبدل في
سلوكية المادة النباتية المدروسة (الخزعات الجذرية) في الزراعة المخبرية، وفقًا لتبدل الطبيعة الكيميائية
للسكريات المضافة، بحيث تحل السكريات الضرورية محل منظمات النمو من أجل تحقيق برنامج التعضي
النباتي.
