Corruption is defined as the abuse of entrusted power for private gain. It is a world-wide phenomenon, particularly in the developing societies. It has been mentioned as a cause of destruction of many empires and powerful states in the history. No ef
fective evidence-based prevention or treatment has been identified, yet. The objective of this study is to describe a conceptual framework using psychosocial analysis based on current scientific theories to explain corruption as a contagious psychosocial disorder to be correctly diagnosed, prevented and treated.Methods: This is a theoretic conceptual analysis describing corruption for the first time in terms of contagious psychosocial disorder. The sample concerns structural and functional positions at the Child Mental Health Center (CMHC) in the city of Duhok, Kurdistan region of Iraq (KRI) during December 2018 - February 2019.No experimental or clinical data are included. Accordingly, a package of Psychosocial Anti-Corruption Tools (PACT) is presented as an intervention to replace identified actions of corruption.Results: Specific diagnostic criteria, such as: Illegal or un authorized gain, more than one salary, unjustified power position…etc., are found to classify corruption as a contagious psychosocial disorder according to current theories concerning a etiology, pathogenesis, clinical picture, consequences, prevention and treatment. This is the first pilot project that has been started at a governmental organization.Conclusions: Corruption can be Hypothesised as a contagious psychosocial disorder to be tested in further rigorous research in other cultures, societies, and countries where corruption is prevailing.
This research showed a study of the aerodynamic characteristics
including the turbulent wake behind a twisted overhead
transmission line in comparison to the wake behind a cylindrical
transmission line. The study showed the effect of the shape of
the
twisted transmitter on the slow pattern and the boundary layer
separation and the shape of the wake. A difference was noted
between the two transmitters and especially the pressure distribution
and the resulting force. The study also dealt with the noise caused
by the flow; the twisted transmitter showed higher sound pressure
levels SPL compared to the cylindrical transmitter. This is due to
the boundary layer separation.
In this research, we have done Theoretical study, how to use
perturbation theory in order to obtain approximate solutions of the
time dependent Schrödinger equation.
We also considered application of time dependent perturbation theory to case where the
atomic quantum system interacts with electromagnetic radiation.
The Diels - Alder reactions of furan and some derivatives with maleic anhydride
have been studied using methods of density functional theory (DFT): B3LYP, B3PW91,
MPW1PW91 and MPW1BPE with 6-31g(d) bases set and proceeding energy cor-relation
at M
P4 level of theory with same bases set. The results of this study showed that, for the
Diels - Alder reaction of Furan and 2-methyl furan with maleic anhydride, the reaction of
formation of exo-adduct proceeds under thermodynamical control, and the reaction of
formation of endo-adduct proceeds under kinatic control, but for the 2-furylmethanol, 2-
furylmethyl acetate and 2-furylmethyl benzoate, the reactions of formation of exo-adduct
proceed under thermodynamical and kinetic controls. The MPW1BPE/6-31g(d) level of
theory was advanced susceptible results by comparison with the reference experimental
data; exactly for furan-maleic anhydride Diels - Alder reaction.
This research presents a new methodology for the development of a controller based
on Artificial Neural Networks and Direct control method in order to obtain the maximum
available energy from Solar Photovoltaic (PV) Energy systems under different a
tmospheric
changes of the solar insolation and ambient temperature. In this context, this research
presents a new model for MPPT-ANN in order to track the Maximum Power Point of PV
systems in Matlab/Simulink environment. The developed controller is based on Feed
Forward Neural Network FFNN trained by Back-propagation algorithm of error to
determine the optimal voltage operation of the system PV system at different atmospheric
changes. This research also suggests, control algorithm based on the direct control method
in order to determine the duty cycle, which used to control directly the operating of DCDC
Voltage Converter, depending on a comparison of the difference between the output
voltage of PV system and the optimal voltage output of the neural network. The developed
controller MPPT-ANN based on a network FFNN, Characterized by fast speed to track of
MPP point and achieve high efficiency for the PV system under the atmospheric changes.
The simulation results completed in Matlab/Simulink environment, showed the best
performance of developed controller MPPT-ANN by achieving a better dynamic
performance and high accuracy when tracking the MPP, compared with the use of the
another PI-ANN controller based on artificial neural network and the conventional
Proportional-Integral Controller, and compared with the use of the conventional MPPTP&
O based on Perturb and Observe (P&O) technique under different atmospheric changes.
Enthalpy of formation for three- and seven- membered heterocyclic theoethers (11
compound) in gas state have been determined by different theoretical methods: compo-site
methods (Gn, CBS) and two levels of theory B3LYP/6-31g(d) and MP2/6-31g(d) via
two
approaches: atomization energy (AE) and bond separation (BS). Median abs-lute
deviations (MAD) and standard deviations (SD) of calculation values from experi-ment
data have been determined for every used theoretical method. It has been observed that the
bond separation approach produce lower value of MAD in most of the theoretical methods
in comparison to the atomization energy approach; where the G3MP2 method produce
lower value of MAD, while the deviations corresponding to the two levels of theory
MP2/6-31g(d)//B3LYP/6-31g(d) and MP2/6-31g(d)//B3LYP /6-31g(d) is close to the
deviations of the composite methods. The 6-31g(d,p) basic set doesn't show substantial
effect in the theoretical results.
Enthalpies of formation for three- and eight- membered heterocyclic ethers (15
compounds) in gas state have been determined by different theoretical methods: levels of
theory B3LYP/6-31g(d), MP2/6-31g(d) and chemical composite methods (Gn and CBS)
via two approach’s: atomization energy (AE) and bond separations (BS). Median absolute
deviations (MAD) and standard deviations (SD) of calculated values from experimental
data have been determined for every using method’s. The bond separation method has the
smallest MAD at most of theoretical methods in comparison to the atomization energy
approach. The 6-31g(d,p) basis set doesn’t seen clear effect in the theoretical results.
The aerodynamic performance of an airfoil of the shape NACA
4415 was investigated using CFD numerical analysis.
This research deals with improving the efficiency of solar photovoltaic (PV) power
systems using a Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC) for Maximum Power Point Tracking
(MPPT), to control the duty cycle of DC-DC Voltage Converter, to achieve the
photovolt
aic system works at a Maximum Power Point under different atmospheric
changes of the solar insolation and ambient temperature. In this context, this research
presents a new model for FLC developed in Matlab/Simulink environment. The proposed
model for the controller is based on the conventional Perturb and Observe (P&O)
technique. Where, in similar to the conventional P&O technique, the changes in the Power
and tension of photovoltaic power system, are considered as the input variables of the
proposed controller, while the output variable is the change in the duty cycle. The main
advantage of the developed controller FLC, based on the considering the change in the
duty cycle has a Variable Step Size, and directly related to the changes in the power and
tension of the Photovoltaic system. Which make it possible to overcome the problem of
fixed Step Size in the change of the duty cycle in the conventional MPPT- P&O Controller
based on P&O technique. The MPPT- P&O Fuzzy, works by a variable step size achieve a
fast speed response and high efficiency for tracking the MPP point under sudden and
rapidly varying atmospheric conditions, compared with the conventional MPPT- P&O. The
simulation results completed in Matlab/Simulink environment, showed the best
performance of developed MPPT- P&O Fuzzy controller in tracking the MPP by achieving
a better dynamic performance and high accuracy, compared with the use of the
conventional MPPT- P&O under different atmospheric changes.
This paper deals with the analysis and study of performance of solar panels, so we
choose working on the solar panel (module) MSX-50, in addition to improve his power by
tracking the maximum power point, this is done by using boost (step up) choppe
r to obtain
the largest possible capacity of solar panel.
We will determine a mathematical model equivalent to the real solar panel (not ideal)
through studying photovoltaic cells, where we will use the iterative method in addition to
the Newton-Raphson algorithm in order to determine the value serial resistance of module
Rs parallel resistance of module Rp.
As has been the implementation of perturbation and observation p&o algorithm in
addition studying and designing the circuit of step up (boost) chopper, and selection the
components (coil L, capacitor C), based on both the operation frequency f, ripple factor of
output voltage and output current .
Based on the our study, we have performed a modeling process of the solar module
MSX-50 using MATLAB/SIMULINK program, where we designed a graphical user
interface GUI to display the module characteristics and calculate resistance Rp and Rs, in
addition to build an algorithm p&o and design circuit of boost (step up) chopper.
The proposed model has been applied to the ohmic load according to the principle of
the maximum power point tracking MPPT, and discuss the results of two cases wich are
the following the solar module is connected directly to load, connected through chopper
driven by p&o algorithm.
