The informal economy is considered the most important of economic issue which still concerns researchers. It is found in all states with different economic patterns and affects all social strata and all age groups. This type of economy forms a high p
ercentage of the gross domestic product of most countries of the world.
Accordingly, this research came to clarify the concept of the informal economy, and identify its components. As well as, this research showed the most important reasons to pay individuals to work at informal activities. Also this research illustrated the significant impact of school dropout and the effect of corruption at increasing the informal economy also showed the most important characteristics of workers in the informal economy.
تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى محاولة التعرف على طبيعة العلاقة بين اتجاهات الموظفين العامين
في المستويات الإدارية العليا تجاه بعض أشكال الفساد المحظورة في القوانين و الأنظمة
السورية و بين درجة ممارسة هذه الأشكال و استخداماتها.
فبدأت ببيان الأهداف التفصيلية
و أهمية مثل هذا البحث و ضرورته في هذه المرحلة، ثم
أوضحت حدوده، منهجيته، و مصطلحاته لتنتقل إلى استعراض فرضياته، و بعد ذلك حددت
مفهوم الفساد و أشكاله و أسبابه، و أخيرًا آثاره و أساليب الحد منها و تقليصها.
immunity. In
this research, we aim at demonstrating the impact of the
parliamentary immunity on the confrontation of some of the Syrian
Parliament Members’ corruption through identifying both types of
parliamentary immunity and the justification
of its existence. We
also discuss its expected impact on the anti-corruption process, and
try to find an approach to compare between the needs to adopt or
cancel as part of the anti-corruption requirements in Syria.
This study aims to find out the reality of the application of corporate
governance in the public sector organizations in Syria, and to
propose a new vision, that guarantees effective application of
corporate governance, through restructuring board
of directors and
contributes to the treatment of financial and administrative
corruption.
The importance of the study comes from the importance of the
public sector in Syria and its leading role in the protecting the
national economy, and also the difficulty of development and
progress of NGOs unless they have clear mechanisms for their
directors and transparency.
Corruption is defined as the abuse of entrusted power for private gain. It is a world-wide phenomenon, particularly in the developing societies. It has been mentioned as a cause of destruction of many empires and powerful states in the history. No ef
fective evidence-based prevention or treatment has been identified, yet. The objective of this study is to describe a conceptual framework using psychosocial analysis based on current scientific theories to explain corruption as a contagious psychosocial disorder to be correctly diagnosed, prevented and treated.Methods: This is a theoretic conceptual analysis describing corruption for the first time in terms of contagious psychosocial disorder. The sample concerns structural and functional positions at the Child Mental Health Center (CMHC) in the city of Duhok, Kurdistan region of Iraq (KRI) during December 2018 - February 2019.No experimental or clinical data are included. Accordingly, a package of Psychosocial Anti-Corruption Tools (PACT) is presented as an intervention to replace identified actions of corruption.Results: Specific diagnostic criteria, such as: Illegal or un authorized gain, more than one salary, unjustified power position…etc., are found to classify corruption as a contagious psychosocial disorder according to current theories concerning a etiology, pathogenesis, clinical picture, consequences, prevention and treatment. This is the first pilot project that has been started at a governmental organization.Conclusions: Corruption can be Hypothesised as a contagious psychosocial disorder to be tested in further rigorous research in other cultures, societies, and countries where corruption is prevailing.
