This research deals with the minimum cost design of reinforced concrete T-beams
according to the Syrian code. The aim is to minimize the total cost of the beam while
respecting all the design requirements. Traditional method depend on a set of supp
ositions,
in the opposite this methodology aim to reach the optimal solution among a set of
constraints with respect the objective function. So that, using this methodology leading to
the minimum cost reinforced section design.
This research is shown that the problem can be formulated in a nonlinear
mathematical programming format.
Several cases are used to explain the applicability of the formulation in accordance
with the current Syrian code. Traditional method of Syrian code has been used to design
sections in this paper, utilizing the nonlinear programming method provided by Lingo14.0
software from LINDO Systems Inc. The comparison of the results shows that important
saving can be obtained at the total cost of a reinforced concrete T-beams design.
Maintenance in water structures is defined as a specific pre-planned execution, carried out
at the specified time, which leads to the permanence of these water structures, and their
continued functioning with economic and effective benefits. Water
structures of various
types and during normal use require care and maintenance in the required form, and at the
appropriate times, to have a permanent readiness, and to maintain the correct state, in
addition to prolonging their life. Therefore, periodic maintenance of the water structures is
of great importance due to its economic implications.
The aim of this research is to highlight the importance of regular and integrated
maintenance of water structures, to achieve optimum economic investment, and to study
the possibility of applying maintenance works to the faults of various water structures. It
also displays different types of maintenance and their applicability to these structures.
Finally, it provides an overview of the guidelines and recommendations for the safety of
these water structures, and the safety of personnel working in this engineering field.
