Study of propolis effect on bonding of posterior composite restorations to dental tissues by scanning transmission electron microscope ( in vitro)

Propolis is used directly on dentin to reduce dental sensitivity following posterior composite restorations. The research aims to test its effect on the bonding of composite to dentin in posterior composite fillings by scanning electron microscopy. The depth of penetration of the composite resin within the dentinal canals was evaluated by comparing the frequency of the presence of resin protrusions and measuring Their lengths and the thickness of the hybrid layer were measured in the three sample groups.