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Register a new userThe Effect of Irrigation with Sulfuric Saline Water on Some Majer Soil Properties and Productivity of Maize Crop
تأثير الري بالمياه المالحة الكبريتية في بعض الخصائص الأساسية للتربة وإنتاجية محصول الذرة الصفراء )
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Aِl-Baath University رسالة ماجستير
Publication date
2022
fields
Agricultural Engineering
and research's language is
العربية
Created by
هبة وسوف
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دراسة تأثير الري بالمياه المالحة الكبريتية في بعض خصائص التربة الأساسية وإنتاج الذرة الصفراء وذلك باستخدام طريقة الري بالخطوط لأربع معاملات : معاملة شاهد تمَّ ريُّها بمياه عذبة, معاملة (1) تمَّ ريُّها بمياه مالحة كبريتية وفق مقنن ري الذرة الصفراء, ومعاملة (2) رُويَت بمياه مالحة كبريتية وفق المقنن المائي + نسبة غسيل 20%, ومعاملة (3) تمَّ ريُّها بمياه مالحة كبريتية وفق المقنَّن المائي+ نسبة غسيل 30%,وأظهرت النتائج تفوق المعاملة 3 (نسبة غسيل 30%) على معاملة الشاهد والمعاملة1 (من دون غسيل) والمعاملة 2 (نسبة غسيل 20% ) من حيث التأثير في نسبة الإنبات والإنتاجية(غلة العرانيس الطازجة مع الأغلفة طن /ه) , في حين حققت المعاملة (2) المروية من دون استخدام معدل غسيل أدنى نسبة إنبات وإنتاجية إذ كانت القراءات كما يلي : نسبة إنبات الشاهد 95% و المعاملة (1) 90% و المعاملة (2) 95% و المعاملة (3) 97% أما إنتاجية الشاهد فكانت 32.4 طن /ه و المعاملة (1) 30.25 طن /ه و المعاملة (2) 33.6 طن /ه و المعاملة (3) 39.037 طن /ه . وهذا يدلّ على أن الري بمياه مالحة كبريتية وفق (المقنن المائي للذرة الصفراء + غسيل 30%) حقق أفضل النتائج من خلال الحصول على إنتاج جيد وتوفير المياه العذبة والمحافظة على الخصائص الأساسية للتربة.
The research was conducted in order to study the effect of irrigation with sulfuric saline water on some major soil properties and maize production The flood irrigation process was carried out with four treatments: Treatment of witness was irrigated with fresh water, treatment No. (1) was irrigated with sulfuric saline water according to the standardized maize irrigation, and treatment No. (2) was also irrigated with salty sulfur water standardized for maize irrigation + 20% washing rate, and treatment No. (3) was irrigated with water Sulfur saline according to maize irrigation standard + 30% washing rate,The results of the study showed that there was a slight significant difference between the four treatments in terms of the apparent and real density, while there were clear significant differences between the treatments in terms of ESP%, EC and carbonates with depth, and this was the result of washing salts with the excess amount of irrigation water used for washing. The results also show that treatment No. (3) was the best of germination percentage and productivity, while treatment No. (1) achieved the lowest germination and productivity(Fresh maize cobs yield with wrappers) , as the readings were as follows: The percentage of germination in the witness was 95%, in treatment (1) 90%, and in treatment (2) 95% and in treatment (3) 97%, while the productivity was in the witness 32.4 tons / ha and in treatment (1) 30.25 tons / ha and in treatment (2) 33.6 tons / ha and in treatment (3) 39.037 tons / ha. This indicates that irrigation with sulfuric saline water according to (water ration for maize + 30% washing) achieved the best results, as the economic feasibility of using sulfuric saline water was achieved by obtaining good production, providing fresh water and preserving the major properties of the soil.
Artificial intelligence review:
Research summary
أُجري هذا البحث في مركز بحوث الكريم في منطقة السلمية بهدف دراسة تأثير الري بالمياه المالحة الكبريتية على بعض الخصائص الأساسية للتربة وإنتاجية محصول الذرة الصفراء. تم استخدام أربع معاملات ري: معاملة شاهد بمياه عذبة، ومعاملة بمياه مالحة كبريتية وفق مقنن ري الذرة الصفراء، ومعاملتين أخريين بمياه مالحة كبريتية مع نسبة غسيل 20% و30% على التوالي. أظهرت النتائج فروقاً معنوية بين المعاملات من حيث الكثافة الظاهرية والناقلية الكهربائية ونسبة الصوديوم المتبادل. تفوقت المعاملة الثالثة (نسبة غسيل 30%) على باقي المعاملات من حيث نسبة الإنبات والإنتاجية، مما يشير إلى أن استخدام المياه المالحة الكبريتية مع نسبة غسيل 30% يمكن أن يكون فعالاً في تحسين إنتاجية المحصول والحفاظ على خصائص التربة الأساسية.
Critical review
دراسة نقدية: على الرغم من أن البحث قدم نتائج مهمة حول تأثير الري بالمياه المالحة الكبريتية على خصائص التربة وإنتاجية الذرة الصفراء، إلا أن هناك بعض النقاط التي يمكن تحسينها. أولاً، كان من الأفضل أن يتم توسيع نطاق الدراسة لتشمل محاصيل أخرى وترب مختلفة للحصول على نتائج أكثر شمولية. ثانياً، لم يتم التطرق بشكل كافٍ إلى تأثير الري بالمياه المالحة على المدى الطويل، وهو جانب مهم يجب دراسته لضمان استدامة الزراعة باستخدام هذه المياه. أخيراً، كان من الممكن تقديم توصيات أكثر تفصيلاً حول كيفية تطبيق نتائج الدراسة في ممارسات الزراعة اليومية.
Questions related to the research
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ما هي المعاملات الأربعة المستخدمة في الدراسة؟
المعاملات الأربعة هي: معاملة شاهد بمياه عذبة، معاملة بمياه مالحة كبريتية وفق مقنن ري الذرة الصفراء، ومعاملتين أخريين بمياه مالحة كبريتية مع نسبة غسيل 20% و30% على التوالي.
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ما هي النتائج الرئيسية للدراسة؟
أظهرت النتائج فروقاً معنوية بين المعاملات من حيث الكثافة الظاهرية والناقلية الكهربائية ونسبة الصوديوم المتبادل. تفوقت المعاملة الثالثة (نسبة غسيل 30%) على باقي المعاملات من حيث نسبة الإنبات والإنتاجية.
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ما هي التوصيات المقدمة بناءً على نتائج الدراسة؟
توصي الدراسة باستخدام المياه المالحة الكبريتية مع نسبة غسيل 30% لتحسين إنتاجية المحصول والحفاظ على خصائص التربة الأساسية.
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ما هي النقاط التي يمكن تحسينها في الدراسة؟
يمكن تحسين الدراسة بتوسيع نطاقها لتشمل محاصيل أخرى وترب مختلفة، ودراسة تأثير الري بالمياه المالحة على المدى الطويل، وتقديم توصيات أكثر تفصيلاً حول كيفية تطبيق نتائج الدراسة في ممارسات الزراعة اليومية.
References used
جبرؤوتي , أحمد , 2015- تحديد الجدوى الفنية والإقتصادية لتحميل نبات الفاصولياء على محصول الذرة الصفراء من إذ الإستهلاك المائي والإنتاجية , قسم الهندسة الريفية , كلية الهندسة الزراعية , جامعة دمشق .
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This experiment was conducted during ١٩٩٦-١٩٩٨ to ivestigate study the
effect of using different types of irrigation water on some soil properties and its
cotton, corn and wheat productivity under the agroclimatic conditions of Deir
Ezzor.
An experiment was carried out under the conditions of the green house at the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Aleppo, in order to determine the effect of both gypsum and humic acid on the total porosity and pH of irrigated soils by saline water
and wheat yield. The experiment was designed in a split-spilt dissection method, with the main sections comprising three levels of irrigation water salinity (W1:0, W2:3, W3:6 g-1 NaCl). Three levels of gypsum were mixed with soil: (G1:0, G2:25, G3:50 g). Three levels of humic acid were added with irrigation water (H3:48, H2:24, H1:0 kg/h). The coefficient Leaching with irrigation water for W3 and W2 was applied at %10 and %20 of the field capacity, respectively.
The results confirmed the effective role of gypsum in mitigating the effect of sodcity in Structure soil damage, and this was reflected by the increase in total porosity values in G3. The results indicated a decrease in pH values within the W3 level of irrigation saline water compared with W2. The results showed the significant role of the gypsum in pH reduction as opposed to that of humic acid. The role of humic acid, especially the H3 level, was evident in increasing the yield and weight of 1000 grains for the wheat, while the G2 level of gypsum was superior in yield. The results showed that the W1 yield was better than W2 and W3.
An experiment was carried out under the conditions of the green house at the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Aleppo. The aim of research is determine the effect of the addition of humic acid to the irrigated soils by saline water in their organ
ic carbon content and the yield of the wheat crop. The experiment was designed in a split-spilt dissection method. The main sections comprising three levels of irrigation water salinity (W1:0, W2:3, W3:6 g-1 NaCl). Three levels of gypsum were mixed with soil: (G1:0, G2:25, G3:50 g). Three levels of humic acid were added with irrigation water (H3:48, H2:24, H1:0 kg/h). The coefficient Leaching with irrigation water for W3 and W2 was applied at %10 and %20 of the field capacity, respectively.
The results showed that the addition of humic acid contributed to the increase in the stock of organic carbon. The highest percentage of organic matter (2.70%) was found in the deep layer (W3G3H3), while the lowest ratio was (1.41%) in the surface layer of treatment (W3G2H1). The role of humic acid, especially at the level of H3, was clearly demonstrated in increasing the productivity and weight of the 1000 grains for the wheat crop. The study confirmed the role of the leaching factor in the organic carbon losses of the soil, where organic carbon was losses (%26.31) with leaching factor 10%, where the losses (%44.74) with leaching factor was 20%.
The research included the implementation of a laboratory experiment and a field experiment in two successive seasons, where the laboratory experiment was carried out by using columns of PVC columns, where the effect of magnetized water was tested on
several types of soils varying in salinity and spread in the study area east of Aleppo (Kaskis – musharifa Al – Zakia-Rasm al-Hamis). The technology of water magnetization was applied by using a special device manufactured at the Department of Soil Science and land reclamation at the Faculty of agricultural engineering of the University of Aleppo. The device was manufactured for laboratory and field work within a magnetic field whose intensity reached (2000) Gauss. The first type of water was also brought from a well in the village of Rasm al-Hamis (2.1) dS.m-1.the second sample was also brought from a well in the village of musharifa Al-Zakiya (3.4) dS.m-1.the third sample of water used in this study was representative of the water of the Euphrates river canal (0.70) dS.m-1.
The technology of using magnetized water deliberately caused a decrease in the PH values of the three types of water, a slight decrease in the values of the electrical conductivity of irrigation water using magnetized water was also observed, and a decrease in the values of the specific weight of irrigation water after its magnetization was observed in the three types of water used.
Magnetization with the wash coefficient applied by the experiment (15%) contributed to reducing the electrical conductivity values of the three soils, as it was noted that the effect of the magnetization technique was of a significant nature on the soils of the Hamis sketch, where before the experiment they were classified as high-salinity soils and by the effect of the magnetization technique, at the end of the experiment they turned into low-salinity soils. The results obtained from the Rasm al-Hamis soil confirmed that irrigation water with a washing coefficient, whether magnetized or non-magnetized, effectively contributed to the washing of salts from the surface layer of the soil compared to the soil salinity value before the experiment, which amounted about (4.1) dS.m-1, as the magnetized Euphrates water contributed to the washing of salts from the surface layer of the soil by 10% increase compared to the same treatment irrigated with non-magnetized water, as well as when using the magnetic wells of Rasm al-Hamis and Musharafat Al-Zakiya, where the magnetized water contributed to the washing of salts by 19% and 9.8% more than the same transactions irrigated with ordinary water for the surface layer of the soil, and the decrease was of a significant nature. The results in the soil columns also indicated that a significant decrease in the SAR and ESP values of the three soils was achieved, and therefore magnetization had an important role in washing the sodium cation from the soil. With regard to the future leachate from the soil columns, higher values of electrical conductivity and the rate of absorbed sodium were observed in the leachate of transactions irrigated with magnetized water compared to the leachate of transactions irrigated with ordinary water without magnetization for the three soils. this confirmed the role of magnetization technology in washing salts from the soil solution, especially sodium cation. this has been positively reflected on the physical properties of the soil, where the magnetization technology contributed to improving soil porosity values. the improvement was significant in the soils of Rasm al-Hamis and as a poke and not significant in the soil of Musharafat Al-Zakiya.
Moving on to the field experiment, the field experiment was designed using a completely randomized block design with (3) replications, so that the first factor includes irrigation techniques: magnetized water (M) and non-magnetized water (NM), and the second factor is the addition of organic fertilizers to the soil, which included three coefficients: municipal fertilizer (O), humic acid (H) In addition to the control treatment (C). The area of the experimental piece was 16 m2, The number of plants within the experimental plot reached 120 plants. The Maize crop was planted on 29/6/2021 for the first season and on 9/7/2022 for the second.
The results indicated the role of magnetization technology in reducing the electrical conductivity values of the studied coefficients compared to the control treatment coefficients in the surface and subsurface layers with an average value of 10.28%. The results also confirmed that magnetization plays an important role in washing the Na+ ion, and this was clearly reflected in the SAR value of the soil, where the SAR value when irrigated with ordinary water was about 3.16, while it decreased to 2.79 when irrigated with magnetized water, and this decrease was of a significant nature, which in turn affected the reduction of ESP values of the soil.
The results indicated that magnetization clearly affected soil cations, especially Na+, and also directly affected the SO4-2 ion, where the concentration of SO4-2 decreased by 14.4% when irrigating with magnetized water compared to the control treatment. The results confirmed the role of the magnetization technique in improving porosity values.
The data pointed to the important role of municipal fertilizer, potassium Humate in reducing the electrical conductivity values, and the treatment of municipal fertilizer was statistically superior to potassium Humate, whether irrigation with magnetized water or ordinary water. Organic compound with magnetized water also contributed to improving the physical qualities of the soil, which was positively reflected on the values of the index of deterioration of soil properties compared to the control treatment coefficients. This improvement in the physical and chemical properties of the soil positively affected the availability of nutrients in the soil in general, and microelements in particular, which contributed to an improvement in the productivity values of the Maize crop, which reached its highest value when irrigated with magnetic water about 7.43 tons/h, and potassium Humate with irrigation with magnetic water raised the productivity value to 8.49 tons/h, while the treatment of municipal fertilizer with irrigation with magnetic water surpassed the rest of the transactions, where productivity reached about 9.1 tons/h in the first season of the experiment, and the productivity values also improved slightly in the second season compared to the first.
This study was conducted in Abu-Jarash farm at the Faculty of Agriculture,
Damascus University during the main season 2013 to evaluate the effect of soil
solarization and organic fertilization treatments on the productivity of some
maize genotypes
(Basel 1, Basel 2, Ghouta 1, Ghouta 82 and Local White). The
experiment was laid out according to split-split plot design with three
replications. The statistical analysis results clearly indicated to the existence of
variability in the response of studied maize genotypes to soil solarization and
organic fertilization treatments. The genotype Ghouta 82 surpassed in the traits
of plant height, leaf area index, 100-kernel weight and grain yield (150.25 cm,
2.84, 28.10 g and 7.99 ton.ha-1) respectively, as compared to other studied
genotypes and was closely followed by the genotype Basel 2 which recorded the
highest number of rows per ear (13.83 row/ear). Soil solarization for 45 days
before sowing and applying organic manures at the rate of 20 ton.ha-1
encouraged the traits of plant height, leaf area index, number of rows and
grains per ear, 100-kernel weight which was reflected on grain yield. Therefore
we can grow variety Ghouta 82 or hybrid Basel 2 to get higher yield of maize.
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