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Forecasting The Indicators Of Foreign Trade In Syria

التنبؤ بمؤشرات التجارة الخارجية في سورية

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 Publication date 2021
  fields Economy
and research's language is العربية
 Created by Shamra Editor




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The aim of this study was to apply Box- Jenkins methodology represented by ARIMA models, to forecast some indicators of foreign trade in Syria, and to know if these models are effective in forecasting. The main results were: -The time series for the indicator of trade exposure in Syria for period 1992 - 2016 is unstable, and then stabilized after making the first differences.-The time series for the indicator of import- export covering in Syria for period 1992 - 2016 is unstable, and then stabilized after making the first differences. - ARIMA (1,1,1) model, which is the suitable model to forecast the indicator of trade exposure, and it is effective model. - ARIMA (2,1,0) model, which is the suitable model to forecast the indicator of import- export covering, and it is effective model.


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Research summary
هدفت الدراسة إلى تطبيق منهجية بوكس - جينكيز المتمثلة بنماذج ARIMA للتنبؤ ببعض مؤشرات التجارة الخارجية في سورية، وتحديد مدى فعالية هذه النماذج. تم تحليل مؤشري الانكشاف التجاري وتغطية الصادرات للواردات للفترة من 1992 إلى 2016. أظهرت النتائج أن السلسلة الزمنية لكلا المؤشرين كانت غير مستقرة، ولكنها استقرت بعد إجراء الفرق الأول. تم تحديد النموذج (1,1,1) ARIMA كالنموذج المناسب للتنبؤ بمؤشر الانكشاف التجاري، والنموذج (2,1,0) ARIMA كمناسب لمؤشر تغطية الصادرات للواردات. توصلت الدراسة إلى أن مؤشر الانكشاف التجاري سيزداد حتى عام 2025، بينما سينخفض مؤشر تغطية الصادرات للواردات حتى نفس العام. أوصت الدراسة بإجراء دراسات أخرى على التجارة الخارجية في سورية باستخدام نماذج أخرى للسلاسل الزمنية، وتنوع هيكل الإنتاج الوطني، وزيادة أنواع وحجم الصادرات السورية وأسواقها المحلية والدولية.
Critical review
دراسة نقدية: تعتبر الدراسة مهمة في مجال تحليل التجارة الخارجية والتنبؤ بمؤشراتها باستخدام نماذج ARIMA. ومع ذلك، يمكن توجيه بعض النقد البنّاء لها. أولاً، الدراسة تعتمد بشكل كبير على بيانات قديمة نسبياً (1992-2016)، مما قد يؤثر على دقة التنبؤات المستقبلية في ظل التغيرات الاقتصادية والسياسية الحالية. ثانياً، كان من الممكن أن تكون الدراسة أكثر شمولية إذا تم تضمين نماذج أخرى للتنبؤ ومقارنتها بنماذج ARIMA للحصول على نتائج أكثر دقة وتنوعاً. ثالثاً، لم تتناول الدراسة بشكل كافٍ تأثير العوامل الخارجية مثل السياسات الاقتصادية العالمية والتغيرات السياسية على مؤشرات التجارة الخارجية في سورية. وأخيراً، كان من الممكن أن تكون التوصيات أكثر تفصيلاً وقابلة للتنفيذ لتحسين التجارة الخارجية في سورية.
Questions related to the research
  1. ما هو الهدف الرئيسي من الدراسة؟

    الهدف الرئيسي من الدراسة هو تطبيق منهجية بوكس - جينكيز المتمثلة بنماذج ARIMA للتنبؤ ببعض مؤشرات التجارة الخارجية في سورية وتحديد مدى فعالية هذه النماذج.

  2. ما هي النماذج التي تم استخدامها للتنبؤ بمؤشرات التجارة الخارجية في سورية؟

    تم استخدام النموذج (1,1,1) ARIMA للتنبؤ بمؤشر الانكشاف التجاري، والنموذج (2,1,0) ARIMA للتنبؤ بمؤشر تغطية الصادرات للواردات.

  3. ما هي النتائج الرئيسية التي توصلت إليها الدراسة؟

    توصلت الدراسة إلى أن السلسلة الزمنية لمؤشري الانكشاف التجاري وتغطية الصادرات للواردات كانت غير مستقرة ولكنها استقرت بعد إجراء الفرق الأول. كما توصلت إلى أن مؤشر الانكشاف التجاري سيزداد حتى عام 2025، بينما سينخفض مؤشر تغطية الصادرات للواردات حتى نفس العام.

  4. ما هي التوصيات التي قدمتها الدراسة لتحسين التجارة الخارجية في سورية؟

    أوصت الدراسة بإجراء دراسات أخرى على التجارة الخارجية في سورية باستخدام نماذج أخرى للسلاسل الزمنية، وتنوع هيكل الإنتاج الوطني، وزيادة أنواع وحجم الصادرات السورية وأسواقها المحلية والدولية.


References used
Nason. G, stationary and non-stationary time series, Economy Department University College , London Gower Street London, 2006
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The Theme Of this research mainly focuses on the effects of foreign trade liberalization on the trade balance for agricultural sector in Syria , after conducting an analytical study of the reality of this sector . And that’s due to its importance and its Stature in the national economy, and its effective role in production , labor , and drive economic growth , especially that the Syrian economy is classified in the agricultural economies. As the new economic trend, and regional conventions between Syria and other parties , and its accompanying procedures followed in order to cope with the foreign trade liberalization data and open markets , may significantly effected the agricultural sector. Where although it contributed to increase the size and rate of growth of Syrian agricultural trade, but this increase is caused by an increase in the volume of agricultural imports that exceeded the volume of agricultural exportrs, and that led to a defict in its balance, after it has achieved larg surpluses for long period. It was concluded from the study, that the process of foreign trade liberalization carried in some of its aspects, negative effects on the Syrian agricultural sector, inparticular the defict of its trare balance, instead of being great motivation , to take its pioneering role in economy.
The theme of this research mainly focuses on the effects of the reductions in the rates of customs duties on Syrians commodity imports. In the line with the process of foreign trade liberalization in Syria. Where that Syria has recently tended toward s its foreign trade liberalization, and open markets, and engaged in regional and international partnerships. The study used economical analysis method to study some indicators relating to customs duties and foreign trade in Syria. So the research reached to some important results, that the process of reducing customs duties that associated with foreign tread liberalization, has contributed significantly to the increase in the volume of commodity imports, which led to an aggravation defect in our trade balance, and deterioration the terms of trade exchange, in addition to the significant decline in the rate of customs proceeds to imports in the national economy. And that needs primary reducing the dependence on imports in our economic activity, and trending towards activation the alternatives imports industry, especially those that constitute a burden on our trade balance. Inaddition to try to find some other recommendations that serve the aim of research.
The research aims to identify the role that foreign trade plays in the Syrian economy, They are an important part of the national economy, and which is secured need the economy to build production capacity of capital goods, and through the discha rge of the flooding of the need for domestic demand of the product, and therefore the external sector developments reflect the productive structure of the national economy, employment and price and income level. . and also the effects of economic policies. The researcher has addressed the economic reforms that directly affect the foreign trade, and then analyzed the structure of the foreign trade to discover the real economic potentials and the necessary requirements for the promotion.
This study addresses the nature of the role played by the private sector in the Syrian economy by monitoring the evolution of the size and quality of this role particularly in the foreign trade sector. The importance of that springs as a result of in creasing reliance upon it as a development engine in developing countries when the transition to a market economy model with orientation to open up to the international economy and the liberalization of foreign trade, when the reliance is upon the dynamics of the private sector to play a main role in this period. In the light of adopting the model of social economic market and the liberalization of Syrian foreign trade, the private sector has been given an increasing role in production and foreign trade activities. That was combined with the retrieve of public sector. The private sector in Syria had approved its dynamics and ability to meet the given role through increasing its activity in industrial production and its share in export especially in manufactured export.
The current situation of the Arab countries acceding to the Great Arab Free Trade Area after several years to complete liberalization of fees and customs restrictions between them, requires paying great attention to measuring the effectiveness of c ommercial interfaces between these states and to know the real situation of the nature and effectiveness of intra-trade among themselves, especially since the figures available about this often lead to misleading results. Based on the above-mentioned discussion comes the necessity this study of trade exchange between Syria and the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) Arab, as these countries are the most important in the context of the Great Arab Free Trade Area. This study also focuses on measuring the effectiveness of commercial interfaces between them, reflecting the extent of inclusiveness in trade relations and their spread between these countries, exceeding the misleading figures about the nature of intra-trade among these countries.

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