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Register a new userThe nature of the public loan : Justifications and economic effects
طبيعة القرض العام و مبرراته و آثاره الاقتصادية
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مي محرزي( باحث )
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يعد القرض العام من مصادر الإيرادات العامة للدولة التي ينتفي بصددها صفة الدورية و الانتظام. و تلجأ الدولة إلى هذه الوسيلة عادة ً في حالتين أساسيتين: الحالة الأولى: عندما تصل الضرائب إلى الحجم الأمثل، أي أن الطاقة الضريبية قد استنفدت، بحيث لا يجوز للدولة أن تفرض المزيد من الضرائب، و إلا ترتبت على ذلك آثار اقتصادية بالغة الخطورة. الحالة الثانية: حالة عدم وصول الضرائب إلى الحجم الأمثل، و لكن فرض المزيد منها سيؤدي إلى ردود فعل عنيفة لدى المكلفين بها. و على ذلك يشكل القرض العام وسيلة فعالة في يد الدولة لتجميع المدخرات التي لا تستطيع الضريبة الحصول عليها، فضلاً عن أنه أداة مهمة لتوزيع العبء المالي بين المقرضين و المكلفين. لقد أثار القرض العام خلافاً واسعاً حول طبيعته، و طبيعة العبء الذي يخلقه، و مدى ملاءمة الالتجاء إليه، و أثره في تكوين رأس المال القومي، الخ... لهذا سوف نبحث هذه المسائل وفق خطة بحث ملاءمة. هدف البحث إلى بيان ماهية القرض العام و خصائصه، و شرح مبررات اللجوء إليه، و بيان طبيعته، و استعراض آثاره الاقتصادية، وصولاً إلى نتائج البحث.
The public loan is one source of the state’s public revenues, and it does not happen regularly. The state usually resorts to this source in two cases: The first case: When taxes reach the maximum degree, in other words, the taxation power is exhausted. In this situation, the state is not allowed to impose more taxes otherwise this will lead to dangerous economic effects. The second case: When taxes do not reach the maximum degree, but imposing them can lead to violent reaction by taxpayers. Therefore, the public loan constitutes an effective method in the hands of the state to collect the savings that the taxes cannot obtain. Also, it is an important tool for the distribution of the financial burden between the loaners/ and taxpayers./ The public loan has raised a controversy about its nature, the burden it causes, and its appropriateness, and its impact/role in forming the national capital, etc… Thus, these issues will be discussed in accordance with an appropriate search plan.
References used
Duverger , Maurice: Finance Publiques, P.U.F, Paris, 1975
د. فوزت فرحات، المالية العامة: الاقتصاد المالي، منشورات الحلبي الحقوقية، بيروت، 2001
د. منصور ميلاد يونس، مبادئ المالية العامة، كلية القانون جامعة الفاتح، ليبيا، 2004
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