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Register a new userConditions of separating acetone from aqueous sodium chloride solutions and the nature of hydrolysed molecules and ions
شروط فصل المحاليل المائية للأسيتون الحاوية كلوريد الصوديوم، و طبيعة المتميهات الجزيئية و الشاردية (الأيونية)
1962
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رامي حموي( باحث )
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درست ظاهرة انفصال الأسيتون من محاليله المائية عند إضافة كلوريد الصوديوم. تسمى هذه الظاهرة التمليح، و تفسر بأن أيونات (شوارد) الملح المضاف ترتبط بجزئيات الماء في عملية التميه، الأمر الذي يؤدي الى نشوء طور جديد ينخفض انحلال المادة العضوية فيه؛ تؤدي ظاهرة التمليح كيفيًا إلى حدوث انفصال الأسيتون عن الماء، و لكنها لاتقدم تفسيرًا كميًا لذلك، و لا تبين آلية ظهور الطور السائل الثاني، و طبيعة التشكيلات الجزيئية الأيونية (الشاردية) قبل حدوث الانفصال، و يعطي البحث جوابًا عن هذه الأسئلة المطروحة، و التي يمكن تعميمها على المحاليل الآخرى المشابهة؛ لقد جرى تعيين الشروط الحرارية و التركيزية لانفصال الاسيتون من محاليله المائية بإضافة كلوريد الصوديوم ، و بينت التجارب أنه بوجود الملح، و تسخين هذه المحاليل حتى درجة معينة، يحدث بدء ظهور الطور السائل الثاني على صورة عكر خفيف، يزداد باستمرار التسخين، حتى انفصال الطور الثاني على شكل طبقة واضحة؛ و عرضت أيضًا بشكل كمي حالة التميه لجزيئات الملح و كذلك لجزيئات الأسيتون.
The method of separation of acetone from its solutions by the ‘Salting out’ effect was studied. This was interpreted by association of water molecules to the salt ions formed so decreasing the number of free water molecules because of the formation of a new liquid phase the solubility of organic compound in which is less than in water. Separation of acetone, can be explained qualitatively but not quantitatively. Its mechanism and the molecular and ionic constructions can not be fully understood by salting out alone. In order to achieve better explanation, the thermal and concentrations conditions of acetone separation were determined. Results have shown that separation takes place, when a second turbid pronounce phase was taken place by heating the mixture to a certain temperature. A complete separation occurs when reaching some higher temperatures. The state of the hydrolysed molecules of both salt and acetone was shown quantitatively.
References used
Belousof V.P. Panov M.U./Termodinamica Vodnikh Rastvorov. Ne Electroleetov. L: Khimiya1983
غيراسيموف وآخرون؛ دروس في الكيمياءوالفيزيائية الجزء الأول الطبعة الأولى دمشق ١٩٦٨
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The Syrian natural zeolite from om'ozon area has been studied as adsorbent for Ni(II) ions from aqueous solution. The removal of Ni(II) ions under different conditions was studied adsorption of Ni(II) enhanced with an increase of initial concentratio
n, temperature and PH .all experiments were carried out at contact time 6h.
The amount of Ni(II) adsorption was increased from 16.36 mgNi/g for initial solution concentration of 100mg Ni/l to 71.33 mgNi/g (for C0=1000mgNi/L). The experimental data fitted well to Langmuir isotherm. The maximum capacity was qmax=142.85mgNi/g Adsorption amount at 298K varies from 16.36mgNi/g for initial solution concentration of 100mg Ni/l to 47.93mg Ni/g(for C0=400mgNi/L) and it increases at 333K to 16.65 mgNi/g and 51mgNi/g (for C0=100 and 400 mg Ni/L )respectively. The adsorption of Ni(II) ions was increased by increasing PH up to ~ 5 and then stabilized up to PH=6 and after that the precipitation process was accured.
In this work the process of removal of zinc ions from aqueous solutions was studied using natural Syrian zeolite. Two samples were used: natural zeolite Z and modified zeolite with NaCl solution Z-Na. The removal percentage of zinc ions vs. time was
determined using differential initial concentrations of Zn+2: 50,100,200,300,400 mg/L. The contact time was determined and it was 360 min. The removal of Zn+2 ions as a function of temperature and pH have been studied. It was found the increasing of removal percentage by increasing temperature and increasing when pH increasing up to ~7,then the precipitation of zinc hydroxide accurse. The Langmuire adsorption isotherm equation used to calculate the maximum sorption capacity and it was 21.7 and 28.5 mg/g for Z and Z-Na respectively. Results indicate a significant potential for the natural and modified zeolite as an adsorbent/ion-exchange materials for heavy metal removal.
In this search, the removal of copper and lead ions from aqeous solutions by flotation had
been studied, and the effect of various factors on the removal process.
The study showed that the removal of copper and lead ions was increased by increasing
the
value of the solution pH up to pH = 8 and the removal rate was 80%.
At pH = 10 precipitation of the ions was obtained in the form of hydroxides.
The removal ratio of both ions is increased by increasing the flow of the air within the
solution to reach 98% for copper and 97% for lead at the flow of Q = 1000 ml/min and
then the removal rate decreases to 60% with increasing airflow to Q = 1500 ml/min.
The initial concentration values affect the removal process and the increase in the removal
ratio was shown by increasing the initial concentration. The removal rate of copper ions
was 50 % at the initial concentration of C0 = 50 mg / l to 98% at C0 = 100 mg / l. While the
lead removal rate was 61 % at the initial Concentration C0 = 50 mg/l to 97% at
concentration C0 = 100 mg / l.
studied the elimination of lead using natural zeolite by studding the the best
conditions to removal lead in a system with two phase: liquid (contaminated water with
lead)-solid (natural zeolite), correlation of the following factors: time of mixin
g phase,
granular size of solid phase, change of pH values, concentration of the calcium element as
a competitor element for the available sites for occupation on the solid phase, the ratio V/m
represents the size of the aqueous phase to the mass of the solid phase and concentration of
lead element.
On the other hand, the possibility of using natural zeolite as a template for storaging
dangerous materials such as lead, has been studied by changing water quality, pH and
temperature.
The results of this research show that and under the following experimental
conditions: time of mixing=4hour, mix of granular size of solid phase, pH< 8,
concentration of calcium = 20 ppm,V/m=100 and concentration of lead = 1000 ppm , the
rate of lead removal range from 60% to 99%.
On the other hand, the results of this research show that changing water quality has
no impact on the ability of natural zeolite for storaging lead as a hazardous waste, while
pH changes have minor effects on this ability of retention and an effect for the high
temperatures on the template was also observed.
Syrian natural zeolit was used to study the adsorption of phenol from aqueous
solutions. Batch method was used to study the adsorption process.
The results showed that the adsorption process accurs rabidly at the first time and the
equilibrium ach
ieved after 120min .
The adsorption process performed in the rang of PH (3-10). The adsorption of phenol
increased by increasing of PH value up to(6-7) and then decreased.
The temperature affect the adsorption process and the results showed that the
increasing of the temperature leads to decreasing of the adsorption of phenol.The
maximum adsorption amount of phenol was 8 mg/g at 25C0 when the initial concentration
of phenol was 60mg/l.
Adsorption amount of phenol increased when the adsorbent dosage increased up to
0.3g of zeolite.
The resulted data of the adsorption isotherm were fitted with Langmuire model and
the monomolecular layer adsorption formed on the surdace of the adsorbent.
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