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Register a new userEgg Production of the Domestic Hen is a Reflection of Ovarian Physiology-A Review: Part ٢. Control of Ovarian Activity
إنتاج البيض في الدجاج الأليف هو انعكاس للفيزيولوجيا المبيضية دراسة مرجعية: الجزء الثاني. التحكم في النشاط المبيضي بحث مرجعي
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عبد الحميد زكريا( باحث )
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يحتوي مبيض الدجاجة البياضة على جريبات في طور النمو السريع انتقلت من مجموعة الجريبات في مرحلة النمو البطيء و التي تتراوح أقطارها بين ٦ إلى ٨ مم. و يعرف القليل عن الآليات التي يتم بموجبها التحكم في انتقال الجريبات من مرحلة النمو البطيء إلى طور النمو السريع لكن يعد الهرمون المنبه للجريب (FSH) أحد العوامل المهمة التي تتدخل في هذا الانتقال. إضافة إلى ذلك جمعت دلائل عدة و هرمون (inhibin) أَشارت إلى احتمال وجود علاقة سلبية بين العامل المثبط (FSH).
The ovary of a laying hen contains follicles in the rapid growth phase which have advanced from a pool of follicles in the resting stage of about ٦-٨ mm in diameter. Little is known about mechanisms regulating follicular transformation from the resting stage to the rapid growth phase. One potential regulator of this transformation may be Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH). In addition, there are accumulating results indicating that a negative relationship between inhibin and FSH may be existed.
References used
Adashi, E. Y., C. E. Resnick, A. J. Dercole, M. E. Svoboda, and J. J. van Wyke, ١٩٨٥. Insulin-like growth factors as intraovarian regulators of granulosa cell growth and function. Endocrinol
Armstrong, D. G., ١٩٩٤. The effect of LH, FSH and pregnant mares’serum gonadotrophin on ornithine decarboxylase activity in thecal and granulosa tissue during follicular growth and atresia in laying hens (Gallus domesticus). J. Reprod
Bacon, W. L., B. Leclercq, and J. C. Blum, ١٩٧٨. Differences in metabolism of very low density lipoprotein from laying chicken hens in comparison to immature chicken hens. Poultry Sci
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There is considerable evidence supporting the role of gonadotrophins and
progesterone on follicular growth and maturation and functional maintenance
of the ovary in the hen. Recently, however, there are ever-expanding list of
factors may be involv
ed in establishing follicular growth and ovulation
currently including germinal disc region, growth factors, macrophages,
plasminogen activator, ornithine decarboxylase, inhibin, activin, follistatin,
relaxine, arginin vasotosin, oxytocin, prostaglandines, vasoactive intestinal
peptide, and their interactions.
The study was applied on 168 patients with primary infertility diagnosed endoscopically with documented AMH ovarian stock titre. It was found that most of these patients had a deficiency in the ovarian stock AMH. The aim of the study is to determine
the cause of the lack of ovarian reserve AMH, with the aim of taking into account that patients who are late in diagnosis have low ovarian inventory and make the decision for a tube child be late. After 7 months of laparoscopic surgical treatment, the values of AMH in the ovarian stock reached 1.87ng/mm, i.e. a decrease of 26.6% on average, and this decrease was 34.67% in the case of bilateral endometriosis, and 22.33% in the case of unilateral endometriosis. Age was noted as an independent prognostic factor for low AMH and initial AMH titer. The underlying cause of the positive association could be as the increase in the ovarian endothelium increases its toxicity to the ovarian stock and thus the PRIOMDIAL research can contribute and thus increase the AMH levels.
Twelve growing Shami heifers available in Dier-Al-Hajar Station for
improving Shami Cattle weighing 115±3 kg and 178±4 days old were used to
monitor the daily growth of ovarian follicles (daily numbers, size, length and
number of waves, rate of gr
owth and regression) using Transrectal Ultrasound
Echo System (7.5 MHz probe) in 6-14 months-old heifers. Results indicated that
ovarian follicles developed in a wave pattern in all Shami heifers when they
were 6 months old and no significant differences in the number and size of
ovarian follicles were found between right and left ovaries. A cohort of 4 to 7
small follicles with a diameter 2-5 mm developed together and one of them was
selected for continual growth, became dominant and later regressed during the
pre-pubertal stage.
Fifteen Shami cows available in Dier-Al-Hajar Station for improving Shami
Cattle were used during 2009-2010 to evaluate the ovarian response of cows for
gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) or human chorionic gonadotropin
(hCG) injected on day 5
of the estrus cycle during which dominant follicle is
growing in the first follicular wave. Animals were divided randomly into three
groups of five cows. Group 1 was left as a control and received no treatment
while Groups 2 and 3 received on day 5 of the estrous cycle a single i.m.
injection of 8 ?g of a GnRH agonist (Buserelin) and 3000 IU hCG, respectively.
Transrectal ovarian ultrasonography was performed daily to monitor ovarian
follicular dynamics and corpus luteum.
Twelve growing Shami heifers available in Dier-Al-Hajar Station for
improving Shami Cattle during 2005-2007 weighing 250±11 kg and 400±21
days old were used to monitore the growth of dynamic of ovarian follicles (daily
numbers, size, length and nu
mber of waves, rate of growth and regression) and
characteristics of estrus cycle (length, time of dominancy, diameter of Graffian
follicle and estrus and ovulatory times), length of corpus luteum (CL) during
the estrous cycle. Heifers were maintained under uniform conditions and fed
according to their daily growth. Transrectal Ultrasound Echo System (7.5 MHz
probe) was used to study the ovarian structures and to monitor the daily
development and regression of ovarian follicles, the formation and regression of
corpus luteum in the left and right ovaries during the estrus cycle. Results
indicated that the growth turnover of ovarian follicles was observed and
developed in a wave pattern in all Shami heifers and no significant differences
in the number and sizes of ovarian follicles were found between right and left
ovaries. A cohort of 5 to 7 small follicles with a diameter 2-5 mm developed
together and one of them was selected to continue growing and becomes
dominant and later on being regressed or ovulated during the estrus cycle. One
to five follicular waves were observed per cycle and each wave was
characterized by the development of one large (dominant) follicle and a
variable number of smaller follicles. The estrus cycle with one follicular wave
occurred only in heifers exhibited the first post pubertal cycles with an average
length equaled to 8.67±0.33 days. Frequency of estrus cycle according to the
number of follicular waves was 8.4, 25.3, 44.2, 20 and 2.1% in cycles having 1,
2, 3, 4 and 5 follicular waves, respectively. Furthermore , the length of estrus
cycle was also related to the number of follicular waves and it was 21.87±0.62,
22.44±0.74, 26.4±0.72, 26.50±3.50 days in cycles having 2, 3, 4 and 5 follicular
waves, respectively with significant differences (P < 0.05) in cycles with 2 or 3
vs. 4 and/or 5 waves. The functional duration of CL was extended to 9, 12 and
15 days in a short (17-19 days), intermediate (20-24 days) and long estrus cycle
(≥ 25 days). The maximum diameter of dominant follicles in ovulatory waves
was significantly larger (P < 0.05) than that of dominant follicles in nonovulatory
waves. In conclusion, this study showed that the development of
ovarian follicles in Shami heifers occurs in waves and the most common pattern
is three waves per estrous cycle.
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