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Egg Production of the Domestic Hen is a Reflection of Ovarian Physiology-A Review: Part ٢. Control of Ovarian Activity

إنتاج البيض في الدجاج الأليف هو انعكاس للفيزيولوجيا المبيضية دراسة مرجعية: الجزء الثاني. التحكم في النشاط المبيضي بحث مرجعي

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 Publication date 2002
and research's language is العربية
 Created by Shamra Editor




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The ovary of a laying hen contains follicles in the rapid growth phase which have advanced from a pool of follicles in the resting stage of about ٦-٨ mm in diameter. Little is known about mechanisms regulating follicular transformation from the resting stage to the rapid growth phase. One potential regulator of this transformation may be Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH). In addition, there are accumulating results indicating that a negative relationship between inhibin and FSH may be existed.


Artificial intelligence review:
Research summary
تستعرض هذه الورقة البحثية آليات التحكم في نشاط المبيض لدى الدجاج البياض، مع التركيز على عملية تحول الجريبات من مرحلة الراحة إلى مرحلة النمو السريع. يتناول الباحث دور هرمون تحفيز الجريبات (FSH) في هذه العملية، وكذلك العلاقة السلبية بين الإنهيبين وFSH. كما يناقش التغيرات التي تحدث في خلايا الجرانولوزا خلال عملية التجنيد الجريبي، مثل زيادة نشاط تخليق الحمض النووي والبروتينات المختلفة. بالإضافة إلى ذلك، تستعرض الورقة دور الهرمونات الستيرويدية في نمو الجريبات، حيث يتم تحويل البروجسترون في خلايا الجرانولوزا إلى التستوستيرون والإستراديول في خلايا الثيكا. كما تتناول الورقة تأثير البروتينات الدهنية منخفضة الكثافة جدًا (VLDL) في ترسيب الصفار داخل الجريبات. تتضمن الورقة أيضًا مناقشة حول كيفية تأثير العوامل المحلية مثل الإنهيبين/الأكتيفين والفوليستاتين في عملية التجنيد الجريبي.
Critical review
دراسة نقدية: تقدم هذه الورقة البحثية نظرة شاملة ومفصلة حول الآليات الفسيولوجية التي تتحكم في نشاط المبيض لدى الدجاج البياض. ومع ذلك، يمكن الإشارة إلى بعض النقاط التي يمكن تحسينها. أولاً، قد يكون من المفيد تضمين المزيد من البيانات التجريبية لدعم الفرضيات المقدمة. ثانياً، يمكن توسيع النقاش حول تأثير العوامل البيئية والتغذوية على نشاط المبيض. ثالثاً، قد يكون من المفيد مقارنة النتائج مع دراسات أخرى على أنواع مختلفة من الطيور أو حتى الثدييات لفهم الفروق والتشابهات بشكل أفضل. على الرغم من هذه النقاط، تقدم الورقة مساهمة قيمة في فهم فسيولوجيا المبيض لدى الدجاج البياض.
Questions related to the research
  1. ما هو الدور المحتمل لهرمون تحفيز الجريبات (FSH) في عملية تحول الجريبات؟

    يلعب هرمون تحفيز الجريبات (FSH) دورًا محتملاً في تنظيم عملية تحول الجريبات من مرحلة الراحة إلى مرحلة النمو السريع، حيث يرتبط بزيادة نشاط تخليق الحمض النووي والبروتينات المختلفة في خلايا الجرانولوزا.

  2. ما هي العلاقة بين الإنهيبين وهرمون تحفيز الجريبات (FSH)؟

    تشير النتائج المتراكمة إلى وجود علاقة سلبية بين الإنهيبين وهرمون تحفيز الجريبات (FSH)، حيث يمكن أن يؤثر الإنهيبين على مستويات FSH في البلازما.

  3. ما هي التغيرات التي تحدث في خلايا الجرانولوزا خلال عملية التجنيد الجريبي؟

    تشمل التغيرات التي تحدث في خلايا الجرانولوزا خلال عملية التجنيد الجريبي زيادة نشاط تخليق الحمض النووي والبروتينات المختلفة مثل البلاسمينوجين ديكاربوكسيلاز، بالإضافة إلى التعبير عن mRNA لمستقبلات FSH واكتساب نشاط إنزيم Scc.

  4. كيف يتم تحويل البروجسترون في خلايا الجرانولوزا؟

    يتم إنتاج البروجسترون في خلايا الجرانولوزا ومن ثم يتم تحويله في خلايا الثيكا إلى التستوستيرون والإستراديول والإسترون.


References used
Adashi, E. Y., C. E. Resnick, A. J. Dercole, M. E. Svoboda, and J. J. van Wyke, ١٩٨٥. Insulin-like growth factors as intraovarian regulators of granulosa cell growth and function. Endocrinol
Armstrong, D. G., ١٩٩٤. The effect of LH, FSH and pregnant mares’serum gonadotrophin on ornithine decarboxylase activity in thecal and granulosa tissue during follicular growth and atresia in laying hens (Gallus domesticus). J. Reprod
Bacon, W. L., B. Leclercq, and J. C. Blum, ١٩٧٨. Differences in metabolism of very low density lipoprotein from laying chicken hens in comparison to immature chicken hens. Poultry Sci
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The study was applied on 168 patients with primary infertility diagnosed endoscopically with documented AMH ovarian stock titre. It was found that most of these patients had a deficiency in the ovarian stock AMH. The aim of the study is to determine the cause of the lack of ovarian reserve AMH, with the aim of taking into account that patients who are late in diagnosis have low ovarian inventory and make the decision for a tube child be late. After 7 months of laparoscopic surgical treatment, the values ​​of AMH in the ovarian stock reached 1.87ng/mm, i.e. a decrease of 26.6% on average, and this decrease was 34.67% in the case of bilateral endometriosis, and 22.33% in the case of unilateral endometriosis. Age was noted as an independent prognostic factor for low AMH and initial AMH titer. The underlying cause of the positive association could be as the increase in the ovarian endothelium increases its toxicity to the ovarian stock and thus the PRIOMDIAL research can contribute and thus increase the AMH levels.
Twelve growing Shami heifers available in Dier-Al-Hajar Station for improving Shami Cattle weighing 115±3 kg and 178±4 days old were used to monitor the daily growth of ovarian follicles (daily numbers, size, length and number of waves, rate of gr owth and regression) using Transrectal Ultrasound Echo System (7.5 MHz probe) in 6-14 months-old heifers. Results indicated that ovarian follicles developed in a wave pattern in all Shami heifers when they were 6 months old and no significant differences in the number and size of ovarian follicles were found between right and left ovaries. A cohort of 4 to 7 small follicles with a diameter 2-5 mm developed together and one of them was selected for continual growth, became dominant and later regressed during the pre-pubertal stage.
Fifteen Shami cows available in Dier-Al-Hajar Station for improving Shami Cattle were used during 2009-2010 to evaluate the ovarian response of cows for gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) or human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) injected on day 5 of the estrus cycle during which dominant follicle is growing in the first follicular wave. Animals were divided randomly into three groups of five cows. Group 1 was left as a control and received no treatment while Groups 2 and 3 received on day 5 of the estrous cycle a single i.m. injection of 8 ?g of a GnRH agonist (Buserelin) and 3000 IU hCG, respectively. Transrectal ovarian ultrasonography was performed daily to monitor ovarian follicular dynamics and corpus luteum.
Twelve growing Shami heifers available in Dier-Al-Hajar Station for improving Shami Cattle during 2005-2007 weighing 250±11 kg and 400±21 days old were used to monitore the growth of dynamic of ovarian follicles (daily numbers, size, length and nu mber of waves, rate of growth and regression) and characteristics of estrus cycle (length, time of dominancy, diameter of Graffian follicle and estrus and ovulatory times), length of corpus luteum (CL) during the estrous cycle. Heifers were maintained under uniform conditions and fed according to their daily growth. Transrectal Ultrasound Echo System (7.5 MHz probe) was used to study the ovarian structures and to monitor the daily development and regression of ovarian follicles, the formation and regression of corpus luteum in the left and right ovaries during the estrus cycle. Results indicated that the growth turnover of ovarian follicles was observed and developed in a wave pattern in all Shami heifers and no significant differences in the number and sizes of ovarian follicles were found between right and left ovaries. A cohort of 5 to 7 small follicles with a diameter 2-5 mm developed together and one of them was selected to continue growing and becomes dominant and later on being regressed or ovulated during the estrus cycle. One to five follicular waves were observed per cycle and each wave was characterized by the development of one large (dominant) follicle and a variable number of smaller follicles. The estrus cycle with one follicular wave occurred only in heifers exhibited the first post pubertal cycles with an average length equaled to 8.67±0.33 days. Frequency of estrus cycle according to the number of follicular waves was 8.4, 25.3, 44.2, 20 and 2.1% in cycles having 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 follicular waves, respectively. Furthermore , the length of estrus cycle was also related to the number of follicular waves and it was 21.87±0.62, 22.44±0.74, 26.4±0.72, 26.50±3.50 days in cycles having 2, 3, 4 and 5 follicular waves, respectively with significant differences (P < 0.05) in cycles with 2 or 3 vs. 4 and/or 5 waves. The functional duration of CL was extended to 9, 12 and 15 days in a short (17-19 days), intermediate (20-24 days) and long estrus cycle (≥ 25 days). The maximum diameter of dominant follicles in ovulatory waves was significantly larger (P < 0.05) than that of dominant follicles in nonovulatory waves. In conclusion, this study showed that the development of ovarian follicles in Shami heifers occurs in waves and the most common pattern is three waves per estrous cycle.
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