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Register a new userMeiotic Analysis of an Intergeneric Hybrids Between Durum Wheat and Thinopyrum Junceiforme
تحليل الانقسام الاختزالي للهجن الجنسية بين القمح القاسي و Thinopyrum junceiforme
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Damascus University ورقة بحثية
Publication date
2003
fields
Biology
and research's language is
العربية
Created by
Shamra Editor
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عرض إنتاج الانقسام الاختزالي و تحليله و التوصيف الشكلي لهجن جنسية بين القمح القاسي و Thinopyrum junceiforme. كان الهجين شبيهًا بحشيشة القمح. ورث الهجين صفة إنتاج الشطئ و النمو المعمر و الأوراق و السوق ذات اللون الأخضر الشاحب من حشيشة القمح. كان حب طلع F1 عقيما بينما حب طلع BC1 و BC1F2 خصبًا، و كذلك بذورها.
Production, meiotic analysis, and description of morphological characteristics of an intergeneric hybrids ABJ1J2 between durum wheat and Thinopyrum junceiforme, are described. The hybrid resembled the wheatgrass. It inherited the tillering habit, perennial growth habit, and glaucous leaves and stems from the wheatgrass. F1 is pollen and seed sterile, while BC1 and BC1F2 were pollen and seed fertile.
Artificial intelligence review:
Research summary
تتناول هذه الدراسة إنتاج وتحليل الانقسام الميوزي ووصف الخصائص المورفولوجية للهجن بين القمح القاسي ونبات Thinopyrum junceiforme. أظهرت الهجن تشابهًا كبيرًا مع نبات القمح البري، حيث ورثت عادات التفرع والنمو الدائم والأوراق والسيقان المغطاة بالشمع من القمح البري. كانت الهجن F1 عقيمة من حيث حبوب اللقاح والبذور، بينما كانت الهجن BC1 وBC1F2 خصبة. تم تحليل تكوين الكروموسومات في الهجن F1 وBC1 وBC1F2، حيث أظهرت الهجن F1 تكوينات كروموسومية معقدة مما يشير إلى حدوث تزاوج بين الجينومات المختلفة. أظهرت الهجن BC1 وBC1F2 نسبًا عالية من التزاوج الكروموسومي، مما يعكس تأثير الجينوم J1 وJ2 في قمع جين Ph1 المسؤول عن منع التزاوج بين الكروموسومات غير المتجانسة. تم استخدام تقنيات مختلفة لتحليل الكروموسومات وتحديد التزاوج بين الكروموسومات المختلفة، مما ساعد في فهم العلاقات الجينومية وإمكانية نقل الجينات المرغوبة لتحسين القمح القاسي.
Critical review
دراسة نقدية: تعتبر هذه الدراسة مهمة في مجال تحسين القمح القاسي من خلال نقل الجينات من الأنواع البرية. ومع ذلك، يمكن أن تكون هناك بعض النقاط التي تحتاج إلى توضيح أكبر. على سبيل المثال، لم يتم توضيح الآليات الدقيقة التي يتم من خلالها قمع جين Ph1 بشكل كامل. كما أن الدراسة تركز بشكل كبير على التحليل الكروموسومي دون تقديم تفاصيل كافية حول التأثيرات الفسيولوجية والبيئية لهذه الهجن. قد يكون من المفيد أيضًا إجراء دراسات ميدانية لتقييم أداء هذه الهجن في ظروف زراعية حقيقية.
Questions related to the research
-
ما هي الخصائص المورفولوجية التي ورثتها الهجن من القمح البري؟
ورثت الهجن عادات التفرع والنمو الدائم والأوراق والسيقان المغطاة بالشمع من القمح البري.
-
ما هي نسبة التزاوج الكروموسومي في الهجن BC1 وBC1F2؟
نسبة التزاوج الكروموسومي في الهجن BC1 كانت 92.25% وفي الهجن BC1F2 كانت 95.02%.
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ما هو تأثير الجينوم J1 وJ2 على جين Ph1؟
الجينوم J1 وJ2 لهما القدرة على قمع جين Ph1، مما يسمح بحدوث تزاوج كروموسومي عالي في الهجن.
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ما هي التقنيات المستخدمة لتحليل الكروموسومات في هذه الدراسة؟
تم استخدام تقنيات التحليل الميوزي، وتلوين الكروموسومات، وتهجين الحمض النووي في الموقع لتحليل الكروموسومات في هذه الدراسة.
References used
Almouslem, A.B. and Amleh, N. 1999. An intergeneric hybrid between durum wheat and diploid wheatgrass Lophopyrum elongatum (Host) A. Löve. Kuwait J of Science and Engineering 26:143-156
(Almouslem, A.B. and Kurdy, N. 2001. The application of in situ DNA hybridization for durum wheat breeding. Res J of Aleppo Univ Basic Sci Ser 34: (in press
Almouslem, A.B. and Jauhar, P.P. 1998. Chromosome pairing in some synthetic hybrids between bread wheat and Thinopyrum species: Breeding implications. In: Jaradat AA (ed.). Triticeae III. Scientific Publishers Inc., New Hampshire, USA. Pp. 127-133
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This study was carried out at Karahta Station of Field Crop
Research, General Commission of Agricultural Scientific Researches
during 2010-2011 and 2011-2012 cropping seasons in order to determine the
phenotypic correlation coefficient between the traits and the path coefficients
analysis for the most affected traits in grain yield.
This study was carried out through the cooperation between Faculty of
Agricultural Damascus University and General Commission of Agricultural
Scientific Researches in Karahta station of field crops researches during 2010-
2011 and 2011-2012 succes
sive seasons. Four hybrids of durum wheat namely
(Duma1*Sauady), (Buhuth9*Q88), (Sham7*Q130) and (Horaney*Q131) were
evaluated to estimate heritability, genetic advance, heterosis and inbreeding
depression for days to heading ,grain filing period, plant height, number of
spikes per plant, and number of grains per plant. The mean average for all
these traits revealed highly significant differences among crosses. Low in
protein content trait (23-69%), medium in grain yield per plant (38-70) and
high heritability in thousand kernel weight (62-81%) were found. All hybrids
showed the highest for both mid and better parents heterosis for protein
content and gluten traits. High heritability was accompanied by high genetic
advance for thousand kernel weight. Low heritability was coupled with low
genetic advance for grain yield per plant, protein content and gluten. However,
greater magnitude of heritability coupled with higher genetic advance in some
traits provided that these parameters were under the control of additive genetic
effects. This indicates that selection should lead to fast genetic improvement of
the material. Moreover, the high genetic correlations for most of the traits,
suggested a strong inherent association among these traits at the genetic level.
Thus these traits deserve better attention in future breeding programs for
evolving better wheat in stress environments.
The research study was conducted in Hama Governorate during the
agricultural season of 2010 - 2011 through a stratified random sample of 201
farmers who cultivate irrigated durum wheat in the research area in order to
measure the yield gap, the pr
oductive efficiency divergence among farmers and
to determine the effect of using different amounts of the productive factors in
the production process. It also aimed to determine the contribution level of
these factors in the gap formation, as well as to determine the production phase
in which farmers of the sample stand. Descriptive analysis methodology in
addition to the multiple regression technique were used to estimate production
functions. Results showed a yield gap up to 32.6% between farmers in the first
phase and those who are in the fourth phase. The reason why productivity in
large size farms was higher than in small size farms that the second production
stage, the profitable one occurred in large size farms, while the first production
phase occurred in small economic capacity farms. So, another combination of
the production inputs can be used in order to reach a marginal product value
which equals the price value and to increase the production level plus the
productivity of the farmers in the research area.
This study was carried out at Karahta Station, Dept. of Field Crops
Researches, General Commission for Scientific Agriculture Researches
(GCSAR) Damascus, Syria, during the growing seasons (2009-2010, 2010-2011).
The crosses were grown inatrial us
ing randomized complete block design
(RCBD) with three replicates in order to evaluate number of spikes per plant,
number of grains per spike, thousand kernel weight and grain yield per plant
and estimate some genetic indices: broad scenes heritability (BSH), narrow
scenes heritability (NSH), and genetic advance (GA). Seeds of five populations
of the three evaluated single hybrids were formed by crossing of five inbred
lines. Analysis of variance results showed significant differences among mean
values of the five populations of each cross for all studied traits. The results
revealed that the broad scenes heritability ranged between high and moderate
for the following productivity traits (SP/PL, GR/SP, TKW and GY/P) and it
was (75, 40, 57) (38, 80, 38) (74, 60, 85) and (73, 73, 71) for the three crosses,
respectively. Additive gene action noticed on most traits indicated less selection
cycles to improve these traits.
The roots of durum and bread wheat were treated with ٠,٢٪, ٠,٤٪, ٠,٨٪ and
١,٢٪ of the herbicide (٢،٤ - D + MCPA) for ٥, ١٠, ١٥ and ٢٠ hours. As the
period of treatment increased, the effect on mitotic rate and mitotic phases was
increased; this wa
s indicated by the correlation coefficient. Durum wheat gave
higher correlation coefficient. Chromosomal aberrations were noted during
anaphase as a result of the treatment with ٠,٢٪ concentration. Mitosis was fully
blocked and various genetical aberrations were observed as, multinuclei,
separation of DNA pieces and distraction of genetical material appeared at
higher concentration.
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