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Performance Study of APS Algorithm for position Determination in Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks

دراسة أداء خوارزمية APS في تحديد الموقع في شبكات الحساسات اللاسلكية تحت الماء

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 Publication date 2016
and research's language is العربية
 Created by Shamra Editor




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Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are often deployedrandomly;this makes the positiondetermination of deployed nodes a very difficult issue, which is called localization problem. The importance of node localization information becomes from the facility of routing operation and the network control, that makes the network works correctly. Nowadays, Global Position System (GPS) is appeared as the most important position system, but it is inapplicable for the low-cost self-configure sensor networks, and also it is impossible to install GPS for each sensor nodebecause of high cost, large volume and high complexity required of adding it to nodes, especially for large network.Therefore, a few number of nodes may be configured with GPS. In this paper,we will study the localization algorithmAd-hoc Positioning System (APS) algorithmused inUnderwater WSN, andwill testthe effectiveness of usingitin determining the node position based on the distance calculated by anchor nodes. These nodes are the nodes which know their positions.


Artificial intelligence review:
Research summary
تتناول هذه الورقة البحثية دراسة أداء خوارزمية APS في تحديد المواقع في شبكات الحساسات اللاسلكية تحت الماء. تُعتبر شبكات الحساسات اللاسلكية تحت الماء من التقنيات الحديثة التي تُستخدم لمراقبة البيئة المائية وجمع البيانات عنها. تُعد مشكلة تحديد مواقع العقد في هذه الشبكات من التحديات الكبرى نظرًا للطبيعة العشوائية لنشر العقد. تُستخدم خوارزمية APS لتحديد مواقع العقد العادية بمساعدة عدد قليل من العقد المجهزة بنظام GPS، والتي تُعرف بعقد المرساة. تعتمد الخوارزمية على حساب المسافات بين العقد باستخدام عامل التصحيح الذي يتم حسابه من قبل عقد المرساة. تم اختبار فعالية الخوارزمية باستخدام المحاكاة الحاسوبية في بيئة مائية تمثل بحيرة سد الحويز. أظهرت النتائج أن الخوارزمية قادرة على تحديد مواقع العقد بدقة مع نسبة خطأ صغيرة، مما يجعلها مناسبة للاستخدام في التطبيقات التي تتطلب تحديد المواقع بدقة في البيئات المائية.
Critical review
تُعد هذه الدراسة خطوة مهمة نحو تحسين تقنيات تحديد المواقع في شبكات الحساسات اللاسلكية تحت الماء. ومع ذلك، هناك بعض النقاط التي يمكن تحسينها. أولاً، تعتمد الدراسة بشكل كبير على المحاكاة الحاسوبية، وكان من الأفضل إجراء تجارب ميدانية للتحقق من دقة النتائج في بيئة حقيقية. ثانيًا، لم تتناول الدراسة تأثير العوامل البيئية المتغيرة مثل التيارات المائية ودرجة الحرارة والملوحة بشكل كافٍ، والتي قد تؤثر على دقة تحديد المواقع. أخيرًا، يمكن تحسين الخوارزمية لتكون أكثر كفاءة في استهلاك الطاقة، خاصة في البيئات التي تكون فيها إعادة شحن البطاريات صعبة.
Questions related to the research
  1. ما هي أهمية تحديد مواقع العقد في شبكات الحساسات اللاسلكية تحت الماء؟

    تحديد مواقع العقد يسهل عمليات التوجيه والتحكم في الشبكة، مما ينعكس بشكل إيجابي على أداء الشبكة وفعاليتها في جمع البيانات ومراقبة البيئة المائية.

  2. لماذا لا يمكن استخدام نظام GPS في جميع عقد الحساسات اللاسلكية تحت الماء؟

    نظام GPS غير مناسب للعقد الصغيرة والمتعددة في الشبكات الكبيرة بسبب التكلفة العالية، الحجم الكبير، والتعقيد في إضافته إلى كل عقدة.

  3. كيف تساهم عقد المرساة في تحديد مواقع العقد الأخرى في الشبكة؟

    عقد المرساة مجهزة بنظام GPS وتبث مواقعها إلى العقد الأخرى. تعتمد العقد العادية على هذه المعلومات لحساب مواقعها باستخدام خوارزمية APS وعامل التصحيح.

  4. ما هي التحديات الرئيسية التي تواجه تصميم شبكات الحساسات اللاسلكية تحت الماء؟

    تشمل التحديات محدودية عرض النطاق الترددي، ضعف القنوات تحت الماء، محدودية طاقة البطارية، معدلات عالية لخطأ البت، تأثير التبعثر والامتصاص، وتأخير الانتشار الطويل.


References used
MohsinMurad, Adil A. Sheikh, Muhammad Asif Manzoor, EmadFelemban, and SaadQaisar, “A Survey on Current Underwater Acoustic Sensor Network Applications”,International Journal of Computer Theory and Engineering, 7(1): 51-56, February 2015
J. Liu, Z. Wang, M. Zuba, Z. Peng, J. Cui, and S. Zhou, “JSL: Joint time synchronization and localization design with stratification compensation in mobile underwater sensor networks”, 9th Annual IEEE Communications Society Conference onSensor, Mesh and Ad Hoc Communications and Networks (SECON), pp. 317-325, 2012
A. Syed and J. Heidemann, “Time Synchronization for High LatencyAcoustic Networks”, Twenty-five AnnualJoint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies(INFOCOM), Barcelona, Spain, 2006
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